Annotated Bibliography
Wang, S., Hsu, H., Campbell, T., Coster, D., & Longhurst, M. (2014). An investigation of middle school science teachers and students use of technology inside and outside of classrooms: considering whether digital natives are more technology savvy than their teachers. Educational Technology Research & Development, 62(6), 637-662
Hoffmann, C. P., Lutz, C., & Meckel, M. (2014). Digital Natives or digital Immigrants? The impact of user characteristics on online trust. Journal of Management Information Systems, 31(3), 138-171. doi:10.1080/07421222.2014.995538.
According to previous studies, web familiarity and demographics may influence online faith and, therefore, the authors of this article carried out research to analyze the limiting effect associated with user characteristic on online trust. The researchers based their argument on the social cognitive theory that suggests environment factors, behavior and personal factors constitute a casual model of triadic reciprocality. The research analysis was based on a deep-rooted model of online trust that was slightly altered to fit this specific research. This model was the most ideal considering that it accounted for the intricacy of faith construct by distinguishing trusting principles from trusting intentions. The sample population was obtained from a pool of German web users who were specifically a representation of the German people and was availed by a top research firm. The measurement method was analyzed on the basis of confirmatory factor investigation and the test covered unidimensionality and scale dependability on the aspect of construct points. The results of this research were that digital natives rely almost completely on big, proven, and familiar brands enjoying large customer base because their trust is mainly affected by an online presence. However, the research was limited because it mainly described a sample that favored experienced and frequent internet and, therefore, the results may not reflect the infrequent users.
Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2010). Digital natives: where is the evidence? British Educational Research Journal, 36(3), 503-520.
Considering the common assumption held by many that young people are more competent than their elders in matters to do with ICT, this papers sought to assert that extent of use, familiarity, sex, and educations achievements are significant and in some scenarios, more significant than a generation. The authors of this article claim that people often mistakenly assume a breach exists between students and educators and that if at all such a gap is present, it is onto impossible to close it. The article is based on the theory of neuroplasticity that suggests human brains are elastic, malleable, and subject to change in the entire life of an individual in response to changes in the environment. The data for the study was obtained from Oxford Internet survey and the analysis involved a multistage probability sample person of age fourteen and older and was conducted face to face. According to the result of the analysis, the youths are using the internet more, but the view that there exists an unbridgeable breach amid the digital natives and the digital immigrants based on when one was born was not supported. However, more studies need to be carried out in family settings in order to comprehend what people do when they are online and how learning
Literature Review: How Dependent Are Digital Natives of Technology
It is now a decade since Marc Prensky echoed the birth of a new generation of students whose understanding of technology differentiated them from older generation mainly referred to as the digital immigrants. According to Wang, Hsu, Campbell, Coster and Longhurst (2014), digital natives refers to the youth generation that was born around 1980 while digital immigrants are those people born earlier than 1980. There is heightened assumption that digital natives are more dependent because they have grown up in an era that has seen milestones in technology like iPod (Selwyn & Facer, 2014). Digital natives are more reliable when left to carry out a task that required their online presence considering that they least burdened by past critical experiences; hence, they can get the job done as compared to digital immigrants (Hoffmann, Lutz & Meckel, 2014). A study carried out by Ruth Xiaoqing, Dobson and Petrina (2008) showed that young people are more reliable when it comes to ICT proficiency even though the gap existing between them and the elders can be bridged. In that, the youths have grown up in an environment surrounded by technology, leading to a transformation of their brain structure to facilitate effective processing of information (Helsper, & Eynon, 2010). However, different views are depicted by Herther (2009), as he believes that digital immigrants can be as dependent as digital natives can because a person brain is flexible and can adapt easily to the environment and that age is a less predictive of an individual’s functioning. Additionally, Berson (2003) has taken a different view concerning the working of the brain in that the dazzle of the cyberspace that many youths experience may push the brain processing to a state of imbalance. Such a state may lead to the inability of the youth to make sense of what they are presented with or respond in a judicious way. Therefore, this paper will seek to find out how dependable digital natives of technology are, as compared to their older generation made up of digital immigrants.
References
Berson, I. R. (2003, September). Making the connection between brain processing and cyberawareness: A developmental reality. In Proceedings of the Netsafe II: Society, Safety and the Internet Symposium.
Correa, T. (2016). Acquiring a new technology at home: A parent-child study about youths’ influence on digital media adoption in a family. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 60(1), 123-139. doi:10.1080/08838151.2015.1127238.
Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2010). Digital natives: where is the evidence? British Educational Research Journal, 36(3), 503-520.
Herther, N. K. (2009). Digital natives and immigrants. (cover story). Online, 33(6), 14-21.
Hoffmann, C. P., Lutz, C., & Meckel, M. (2014). Digital natives or digital immigrants? The impact of user characteristics on online trust. Journal of Management Information Systems, 31(3), 138-171. doi:10.1080/07421222.2014.995538.
Page, K., & Mapstone, M. (2010). How does the web make youth feel? Exploring the positive digital native rhetoric. Journal of Marketing Management, 26(13/14), 1345-1366. doi:10.1080/0267257X.2010.523709
Reinhart, J. M., Thomas, E., & Toriskie, J. M. (2011). K-12 Teachers: Technology use and the second level digital divide. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 38(3/4), 181-193.
Ruth Xiaoqing, G., Dobson, T., & Petrina, S. (2008). Digital natives, digital immigrants: An analysis of age and ICT competency in teacher education. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 38(3), 235-254
Selwyn, N., & Facer, K. (2014). The sociology of education and digital technology: past, present and future.Oxford Review Of Education, 40(4), 482-496. doi:10.1080/03054985.2014.933005
Wang, S., Hsu, H., Campbell, T., Coster, D., & Longhurst, M. (2014). An investigation of middle school science teachers and students use of technology inside and outside of classrooms: Considering whether digital natives are more technology savvy than their teachers. Educational Technology Research & Development, 62(6), 637-662
