Arguably, human behavior refers to a variety of activities and behaviors in which human beings perform. These individual behaviors are influenced by numerous factors, which include value, attitudes, rapport, coercion, emotions, culture, ethics, authority, genetics as well as hypnosis. Most of these behaviors can be acceptable, unusual and common. Psychologists have always devoted their time in trying to understand mental process, human behaviors and ways in which they develop and interact with fellow human beings.
An experience of human beings involves five broad perspectives on behaviors of individual. All these five perspectives emphasize on diverse factors and behaviors. These are learning, biological, cognitive, psychodynamic and sociocultural perspectives (Easterby-Smith & Lyles, 2005). As a matter of fact each of these perspectives always elaborates on the development, beginning and the maintenance of numerous human relationships.
Perhaps most of the models and theories that fit biological perspective seek to elucidate behaviors of people as outcome of anatomy and physiology. Physiologically, all actions thoughts and feelings are associated to events of human body. The advancement in technology has enabled biological psychologists to study how hormone flow, genes form as well as electrical impulses in people body affects behaviors (Gray, 200). Furthermore, it is possible to examine how the changes of the entire body functioning can completely change the behavior and relationships of couples and lovers. Love according to many scholars is biological, this is because it entails intimacy and being close to each other always so as to share affections, feelings and observe the reciprocate to be given create care.
Generally, biological perspective concerns understanding how biological aspects of human body affect learning abilities, perception of actions and emotions. Genetic approaches inquire about peoples activities such as temperament, language and emotions. Romance in some cases is triggered by the genes. The brain and other nerve system provide valuable information in understanding human behaviors. Human behaviors is controlled by the brain, it lays down limits and boundaries of human behavior.
One of the important theories of biological perspectives is that we can’t understand ourselves well if we don’t know our own bodies. Actually the theory elaborates on the relationship between body and mind as well as how it influences the health and behaviors of individuals. For example, it is alleged that poor health conditions can lead to negative stance towards others. In love relationship, theories of biological perspective states that the emotions of individuals develop after numerous body changes (Easterby-Smith & Lyles, 2005). Emotions develop after many sensations have been formed by the muscular activities. Under biological theory, certain form of stimuli will develop a reaction in the brain nerves which lead to different emotions. In this occasion love can be the emotional response developed.
Another theory is attachment theory which describes long-term dynamics in human relationships. The development of love relationship between adults depends on how securely they are attached to each other. The stability and organization of people lead to development of love. The relationship starts with attraction between those people we like and expect both personal and emotional support. The love relationship according to biological perspective theories depends on the fulfillment of the expected things, these entire takes place in the brain (Easterby-Smith & Lyles, 2005). Other theories include materialism, dualism, natural selection and heredity. In love relationship and marriage there is a neurobiological structure which facilitates bonding in a way that encourages reproduction accompanied by ability to cope, security and anxiety reduction. Essentially, this type of bonding that is developed at the beginning of relationship develops and guides individuals in the entire relationship duration.
Human experience and behaviors too are influenced by learning. Arguably, this approach asserts that, most individual characters happens because of learning, hence the simplest method of understanding individuals is observing the way they learn. Theories that are prominent in this approach include social learning and behaviorism. Both theories assume that learning is continuous, conscious and observable.
Behaviorists probably believe that individual actions are responses to learned stimuli. The concepts behind this theory are that positive response is triggered by positive stimuli. On the other hand bad stimuli trigger negative response. In a love relationship, attractive behaviors begin through learning of each other (Zastrow & Karen, 2000). People begin to develop love relationship by learning to deliberate act in their environment so as to create a preferred situation of affairs.
In most cases actions that yield positive outcome in a relationship could be repeated by the parties involved, whereas negative results were avoided at all cost. All this behaviors and outcomes led to the learning of individual behaviors. Youth in romantic relationship always realize that love is so difficult due to more emotional demands.
Sociocultural perspective puts its focus on the background in which human beings live can be analyzed and examined in order to understand them better. According to Gray, it is important to understand people’s behavior well; mostly this is achieved through realization of cultural, social, and sociocultural surroundings (Zastrow & Karen, 2000). The perspective emphasizes on peoples culture not individual. Perhaps to comprehend why individuals have certain behavior qualities, psychologists look on the community effects on individual development.
Actually, sociocultural perspective explains how most of the love relationship and marriage begin, be maintained and developed. Psychologists affirm that, those specific cultures which encourage love relationships are those societies which mutual empowerment and empathy are encouraged as a toll of social interaction (Gray, 2000). Those people with adaptive reasoning always pose rational and flexible attribution, especially concerning circumstances and conditions that will arise in love relationship as well as marriage. Hence they always provide realistic explanations for a variety of behaviors.
Cultures in most cases have factors that cultivate love relationships and others which can impair development of love. Culture increases personal sense of identity, worthiness and motivates individuals to be in a relationship. Additionally, diversity of cultures has different perceptions which include individualism and collectivism. Individualistic cultures are assumed to be more accepting to romantic and love relationships (Easterby-Smith & Lyles, 2005). According to many scholars development, beginning and maintenance of love as well as intimacy stem from socio-cultural perspective. Study of human culture reveals romantic love exists in all cultures. Even the communities in which marriage was arranged by the elders, the couples concerned were asked permission.
Psychologically, cognitive perspective focuses exclusively on the process of thought. Psychologists on this field accentuate on what runs in the mind of people so as to understand why people behave and do certain things. Probably, the thoughts of individuals led to actions. In relationship what couples think is demonstrated on the actions in the society. Objectively, this perspective is to figure out how interpretations and perceptions relate to personal behavior (Gray, 2010).
Cognitive perspectives affect stability of marriage and loving relationship. Individuals in relationship always think in an adaptive manner to conflicts, concerns, care and goals. This thinking makes relationship to develop. Its maintenance depends on the commitment to these adaptive behaviors among the two parties.
This perspective is based on human inner conflicts and it affects development. The approach assumes our feelings and behavior are strongly exaggerated by unconscious motives. Additionally, feelings and love relationship are probably entrenched to childhood behavior. Behaviors of human beings are determined and have a genuine cause (Zastrow & Karen, 2000). Furthermore, behaviors are motivated by instinctual drives which include life instinct and sex drive. On relationship, psychodynamic perspective long lasting and stable marriages are formed and maintained when individuals self-function and are free from neuroses.
A motivation of people to be in love is propelled by divergence between psychological forces, unconscious and instinctual. Other psychologists came up with equal basic assumptions on psychodynamic perspective; it includes conscious, unconscious and dynamic minds that affect human behavior. Early childhood experiences affect the development and beginning of love relationship. Individuals who enjoyed childhood life and lived in a united family could easy be moved to fall in love (Gray, 2000)
According to Freud the conflict, inner forces as well as conflict are not controlled by individuals, people are not in control nor aware. Mental clinicians explore human mind to finding events and occurrence from childhood to the stage of developing romantic relationship. Romantic relationships begin and develop without the partners being aware.
These five perspectives are the same this is because it determines the causes of some culture traits. Perhaps these behavioral perspectives influence the beginning, maintenance and development of love relationship especially in marriage. Cognitive and biological perspectives discuss the physiological aspects of human behavior that influences marriage. On the other hand socio-cultural and learning perspective emphasizes on how community affect the maintenance and development of relationship. Finally psychodynamic perspective is all about unconscious motives. The five perspectives clear some thoughts of some human way of thinking and behaving. The diversity of these perspectives gives psychologists a more sufficient way of explaining human behavior. The biological, cognitive, learning, psychodynamic and sociocultural perspectives explain how romantic relationships begin, are maintained and develop.
References
Easterby-Smith, M & Lyles, M. (2005). Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Learning and
Knowledge Management. Melbourne: Blackwell.
Gray, P. (2010). Foundation for psychology study. New York: Worth Press.
Zastrow, C & Karen, K. (2000). Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment.
London: Wiley.
