A new model for controlling traffic in urban has been proposed. The main aim is to use the system to maximize the network throughput and use its signals to meet the changing traffic demand. It is modeled as a Discrete Event System (DES).It has sensors, observers and a controller. These models support the off-line planning of vehicles, traffic lights setting and road networks. It has signals that detect the arrival and departure of vehicles. The controller controls how the vehicles arrive and depart.
The model also represents behavioral conflicts. Two vehicles may attempt to occupy the same zone. In this case, the faster one wins. The tokens are colored to show how vehicles come and leave. The token color is used to describe vehicle routings, by solving conflicts at transitions by appropriate guards. For road link, a hybrid stochastic model, called physical model of a link is adopted.
There have been endeavors to lessen the amount of hours squandered every day because of congestion. Traffic lights in the city can be used to move vehicles from highly congested roads to those that are less congested thus reduce the amount of time wasted held in traffic. The problem has been how to create best signal timing patterns. The approaches employed to deal with this problem include;
- Network Flow Approach
- Reinforcement Learning Approach
- Game Theory Approach
Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses hence none of them can solve the problem permanently. However, Reinforcement Learning approaches seem to be more effective in solving the problem. Since it has so far succeeded, it needs to be deployed to various parts of the world. Experts should consider improving the other two approaches.
Currently, the roads in many countries are few as compared to the number of automobiles that operate on these roads. Traffic jam is therefore increasing day by day and is continuously becoming a major problem in big cities. To solve this problem, drivers and administrators need to use software that will monitor traffic jam in the cities and substantially reduce the time that one wastes on the roads. The solution is composed of two applications; the MapMaker (a map designer that uses background satellite images to easily plot) and BestRoute (is used to set traffic coefficients and calculate optimal routes). The data required is taken from a database known as MySQL. The application can be used by both drivers and the administration to reduce stress and fatigue that is brought by traffic jam.
In transport, space and time are very crucial. Operators strive to ensure rapid and safe movement of people and goods. Traffic control depends on the relevance and efficiency of the control methodologies employed. Graphs could be utilized to control the base number of edges that might be permitted and the limit of vehicles which can pass through the edges. The Edge Connectivity Of Graph and the Weighted Graph are of great help in this field. The cut-set of a graph and weight control helps in controlling the traffic flow. The graphs might be utilized to discover the base and most extreme number of vehicles that can proceed onward the way without bringing about congestion. Traffic engineers can obtain quantitative data about traffic flow by installing sensors on the edges of the minimum cut. Maximum flow minimal cut can also be applied in data mining, network connectivity, Network Reliability and Bipartite Matching.
Works cited
Basile, Francesco, Ciro Carbone, Pasquale Chiacchio, René K. Boel, and Camelia C. Avram. "A hybrid model for urban traffic control." (2004): Print.
Christos G. Panayiotou, William C. Traffic Control through Traffic Lights Management: A Comparison Study. (2011): Print.
Arun Kumar, B. International Journal of Mathematical Archive-4(1), (2013): print.
Moise, M. Zingale, A.I. Software Solution for Monitoring Street Traffic and Generating Optimum Routes using Graph Theory Algorithms. (2010): print.
