For quite a long time, the problem of illegal immigration into the United States from Mexico is one of the biggest problems. Every night, the border between the United States and Mexico crosses the hundreds intruders. Most of them, of course, will be caught, however, a few months later, they will be in the United States again. The length of the border between Mexico and the United States is about 2000 miles and the number of crosses of the border is the biggest in the world. Thus, it is the busiest border in the world. Partly along the border was built a wall (Mexico-United States barrier) but the project was shelved in 2010. Also, along the border fly helicopters that are looking for illegal immigrants and were installed video cameras for observing. However, none of the mentioned above methods have not stopped the flow of illegal immigrants from Mexico. Let’s analyze why people immigrate to United States from Mexico and how the problem of the illegal border crossing can be solved.
But how Mexican immigrants have organized border crossing? On the Mexican side along it has a mass of caches and guest houses. Mexicans under unfinished Mexico-United States barrier have dug dozens of underground ways. What are push and pull factors of migration for these illegals and why illegal immigration has grown on such a scale? Among the push factors for migration of Mexican illegals the major factor is economic factor. People from Mexico where is the big amount of population can’t find the job. So they emigrate from Mexico in search of work. The second push factor is the crime situation in the country.
Therefore, the major pull factors are ecomomic and social factors - well-paid jobs, , because it is not a secret that level of social security and unemployment benefits in the United States are higher than a mere salary of Mexicans and the American future (citizenship) for their children. The second factor is stability – lower crime rate in the United States.
In the United States now live more than eleven million illegal immigrants from Mexico. Why illegal immigration has grown to such an extent? The opportunity to earn money in the United States pushes people to illegal migration. The illegal Mexican immigrants can be divided into multiple groups that for various reasons are trying to find happiness outside the Mexico: adult males cross the border to find some temporary work and send money to support their families; whole families with children that have decided to permanently leave their homeland in search of a better life; young families (without children) that have decided to risk and to start a family life in a prosperous country; large share of illegal immigrants are drug couriers, that cross the border in both directions.
In general, illegal immigrants migrate to the United States for one purpose - to find a temporary job and new home. Locals readily take them for agricultural seasonal work - for a small fee people are working day and night. Some manage to find a better job, and send their children to schools also families can receive medical care. But the main thing: the child, who was born in the United States automatically, becomes a citizen of the United States.
Therefore, many immigrants simply give birth to children in America, and therefore the problem of illegal immigration is even more acute. Young couples that arrive to the United States without an invitation, rapidly starting to make children. Under United States law, all children born in the country automatically become American citizens with all the attendant benefits. Parents-illegals get for each child allowance, free medical care, food stamps, and communal services benefits. In this scenario, none of the young parents are not in a hurry to find a job, because the money child allowance and all sorts of other benefits is enough to live comfortably for the whole family.
Immigrants from Mexico pose problems which can be divided into three types. First type of problems is economic problems. Every year the government spends a lot of money on trapping and deportation of illegal immigrants from the country. These expenses include border security, content of the different services that are engaged in verification of the identity and the past of Mexican immigrants, the payment of any cash benefits, free medical care to those who took root in the country.
The second problem is the deterioration of the crime situation. About half of illegal immigrants caught at the border have a criminal past. Those who have not been caught at the border are beginning to act on American soil, committing murder, armed robbery, drug trading. According to official statistics, for example, in 2008, more than half of the criminal and administrative cases in the country were brought against Mexican illegals.
The third problem is that illegals affect the distribution of seats in the United States Congress. Number of congressmen depends on the size of the state's population. In the United States regularly held census, which take into account and illegal immigrants. The border states with Mexico are home to a lot of illegal immigrants in particular, so these states receive extra seats due to the fact that other states lose them.
So what supposed to do the Government of the United States to reduce the number of illegal immigrants from Mexico? First, to reduce the number of immigrants are needed all sorts of ways to support efforts to strengthen border security. The project of Mexico-United States barrier on some parts of the border has proved effective. Although, the number of immigrants from Mexico in the last two years has slightly decreased it has probably caused by the economic situation in the United States. In order to improve border security, the government should explore a variety of solutions, and the root cause of problems at the border that are associated with illegal immigration and drug trafficking. Such decisions can be drones (Unmanned aerial vehicles), more cameras, sensors, and completion of the wall. Cameras, unmanned aerial vehicles and sensors give better opportunities for monitoring of the border. Also, do not forget about improving equipment of United States Coast Guard to prevent the flow of immigrants, not only on land but also at sea.
The Government of the United States should expand its cooperation with the Government of Mexico, including with law enforcement agencies of Mexico. Although, the government of Mexico is advantageous that their migrants send part of the money to their relatives in Mexico, but the United States should find through negotiations possible way out of this situation, Mexico should be interested in prevention of illegal migration. One of the things that can be interest to Mexico is help of the United States to promote economic development in Mexico, and the fight against corruption within Mexico. This should contribute to the reduction of the effects of "Push and Pull factors" caused by the unstable economic situation in Latin America, and corruption in these countries.
The government, also should to come up with a way to satisfy the demand for workers in the United States but legal workers. For example this can be done through the simplification of visas for temporary workers, who would have been under the control of and legally crossed the border to work on seasonal works, thereby satisfying the demand for labor in the United States. Thus, this system would be able to simultaneously solve two problems: the problem of illegal immigration, and meet the demand for labor to the American economy. It will also contribute to the strengthening of regional economic ties between the United States and Mexico.
Among the measures that should be taken should also consider proposals for the abolition of the amnesty. Since the granting of amnesty to illegal immigrants will flow even more refugees than those eleven millions of illegal immigrants who are already in the United States. For example, in 1986 Congress made an amnesty for 3 million immigrants, as a result the number of immigrants has only increased. Thus, amnesty only encourages immigrants to migrate to the United States knowing that they will not be punished, and even perhaps be pardoned. Therefore, the administration and the entire government should abandon the amnesties, and concentrate on improving of the border and legal migration.
Also, the Congress and the presidential administration should improve the legislation and funding programs to improve services that fight illegal immigration. The Obama administration has canceled the «Social Security No-Match», and this cancellation has contributed to the employment of illegal immigrants on jobs in the United States. The rejection of this law as well as the weakening of other laws have led to the fact that immigrants are more interested in illegal immigration, because they almost are not threatened, and they can more easily get a job. Therefore, improvement of legislation possibly is the best thing that Congress should do to deal with illegal immigration.
One of the essential problems that should be solved during the fight illegal immigration is to reform the conditions for granting work visas to strengthen the economy of the United States. The United States of America over the centuries is the country of opportunities, a country of free market society and the labor is an integral part of this community. Therefore, the United States Government should facilitate and improve the migration (movement) of the workforce. However, the workforce must be highly qualified, and therefore a highly skilled workforce is unlikely to aggravate the crime situation in the United States. Also, the U.S. government needs to take measures for the assimilation of the labor force in American society. These reforms should also include the reform of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services because without reform in this structure cannot be conducting of effective reforms and efficient processing of requests for legal migration. Reform of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services should also help the mentioned above reform for seasonal workers.
Summarizing all the mentioned above it should be stated that the problem of the illegal immigration to the United States from Mexico is one of the key problems for the American government. After the analyzing of the data I have concluded that illegal immigration is a complex of problems. Thus, to solve this complex of problems, the government of the United States should provide a complex of reforms. These reforms include: the improvement of the border between the Mexico and the United States; improvement of the economic relations with the Mexico and providing help Mexico in economic development to improve their economic development; the improvement of the laws connected with the migration policy; reform of the United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. In my opinion, this complex of improvements and reforms should reduce the number of the illegal immigrants from the Mexico and improve the situation with the immigrants within the United States.
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