Explain how the people’s republic of china has managed to control the spread of terrorism within their borders. Has the Chinese government attempted to control religious groups? Have they been successful? Why or why not? Use at least one internet source in addition to the text to answer this question.
The people’s republic of china has been facing terrorism for many decades. The largest threat is the internal terrorism. The internal terrorism is mainly attacking the minorities in the country. The latest killing of Chinese people in the city of Kunming have taken many innocent lives. Apart from this violent attack on the people in the train many other incidents taking place in various states of china. But the government of china has been successful in limiting these terrorist attacks. The religious groups were very much violent during 90’s and 2000. In 1990’s many religious groups from Afghanistan entered the Chinese province Xinjiang. These activists caused bombings at various places and cities and took many innocent lives. So 1990’s was an era of terror in china as respect to religious terrorism. According to one of the surveys, during 1990’s about 300 to 400 lives were taken during religious riots . But now the dialogue with many religious groups has restricted these religious terrorist attacks. As far as international terrorism is concerned, US led war against terrorism. China is its biggest ally. China has provided its full support to the international allies in the war against terrorism. China war against terrorism is considered to be among one of the successful tactics by the government from the root level till upper class.
Explain the impact of Philippine Government continuing its strong support for international cooperation against terrorism, and actively seeking to build a multilateral approach to counter- terrorism. Use at least one interest source in addition to the text to answer this question
Philippine is among the strongest and biggest partner of United States against terrorism. As one of the leading terrorist group was actively participating in terrorism in many of South Asian countries, Philippine along with United States formed an alliance and ruled out the terrorism functional group out of its country. US had its Naval and Air Force bases at Philippine ground till 1992. So from the history we can clearly see that US and Philippine close relations with one another.
There are three to four terrorist groups which are working nationally in the country. Mainly these groups are conducting terrorist activities against minorities. These terrorist groups are also involved in the kidnapping, ransom amounts demanding, target killing and planting bombs at various places in the country. Philippine is also facing many terrorist threats internally. Abu Sayyaf is one of the leading terrorist group in Philippine. After the 9/11 incident, when a coalition formed between many countries for war against terrorism, US helped Philippine government in fighting against Abu Sayyaf (Nicksch. p. 61). But the coalition with the other countries in war against terror has made a positive impact on the control of terrorist activities. Philippine government was of the view that terrorism in its country will eradicate if they again start a good relation with the US, as those relations not good in 1992, when US bases removed from the country. The government gave the charge to army to corporate with the allies in war against terror
Should bureaucracies have so much discretion and power to decide who gets benefits or to define laws? Explain your answer. Do you agree with bureaucracy power? Support your answer. If not, how do you feel that the government can reduce their powers?
Bureaucracy is that part of a country which has a deep impact on the policies of the country. Government cannot monitor the large number of bureaucrats. Similarly, this group is considered to be the most learned group in the country. Their knowledge about the issues of the country from small scale to large scale is very vast. Apart from knowledge, the importance of bureaucrats is clear from this point that whenever a new government comes into power, this new government takes full guidance of working policies from the bureaucrats. So knowing the importance, the bureaucrats consider themselves very much powerful. They know that they are the actual policy makers and their policies have a deep impact on the country’s fate. Sometimes these powers are taken into negative sides also. But the government cannot limit their powers, and the first thing for the survival of any government is making friendly relation with the bureaucracy (Ferguson, p10). Many think bureaucrats as the one who do not work as they should, apart from work they are getting much in terms of salaries, and services. They can be a blackmailing tool sometimes for many governments. So from the governmental point of view, bureaucracy is a threat to them but from public point of view bureaucracy is a check on government and its policies. As governments come and go, and they are the elected people, so every electable want to provide benefit to their own people and do not participate in the development of the country policies. So the presence of bureaucracy and the powers limit the unlawful and one sided decisions by the governments.
Define the differences between symbolic policies and substantive policies. What are some examples of each? Is the Homeland Security Act of 2002 a symbolic or substantive policy? Why or why not? Do you feel that symbolic policies are a waste of taxpayer’s money? Why or why not? Symbolic policies are the policies that are showing the social values of a society and the symbolic policies implement the importance of social values with the help of government regulations and legislation. Symbolic policies have no materialism and the people face no material impacts. However the final decisions taken by the government in these policies require the use of government funds. Sometimes the funds are not adequate and so these policies are not working properly. In US, there are many policies that are working under this category. While substantive policies are the policies that are based on facts and figures. In other words, the work that is done by the government in reality and the work those we all people witness comes under substantive policies. It means that while making these policies one knows that some work has done, or some policy has implemented.
In more simple words substantive policies are those that shows exactly how the government will do some work in the desired areas while symbolic policies just gives an idea that a particular process will be adopted (Birkland. p.221).
Conclusion
After viewing the above discussion, we have come up to the conclusion that the bureaucracy has a greater role in the elimination of terrorism, while in some countries the bureaucracy even flourishes the terrorism also. The implementation and making of policies, the control of ruling class, law’s implementations, and these all factors are owned and controlled in actual by the bureaucracy. The overall impact and role of bureaucracy is not negative, and it has very deep rooted impact on the control of international terrorism also.
References:
Birkland (2001). Introduction to the Policy Process. M.E. Sharpe,.
Ferguson, M. R. (01- JAN-2006). The Executive Branch of State Government: People, Process, and Politics. ABC-CLIO,.
Nicksch, L. (2010). Abu Sayyaf: Target of Philippine-U. S. Anti-Terrorism Cooperation. DIANE Publishing,.
Wayne., M. I. (06-NOV- 2007). China's War on Terrorism: Counter-Insurgency, Politics and Internal Security. Routledge.
