Kipling:
1. Kipling was a journalist, writing articles and acting as an editor in Punjab - because of this, he became well versed in both Indian-British relations, and also had the same occupation as the main character.
2. Carnehan and Dravot decide to go to Kafiristan in order to establish themselves as kings, wanting a better life.
3. Their plan is to take over a kingdom after helping a king or chief to vanquish his enemies.
4. He thinks that the two men are fools for trying this plan, as he thinks that they will die trying. Visiting the Serai, he sees they have invested all their money in camels, and are disguised as a priest and servant.
5. Carnehan actually means that he has changed into a different man because of his story; the things he went through have altered his person irrevocably, so he is no longer the Carnehan the narrator used to know.
6. They conquered the natives by building up an army and taking over villages; in one village Dravot threatens them with guns to make them loyal to him, and they also show loyalty to the dead by pouring milk on their bodies.
8. Their downfall came when Dravot tried to marry a girl who bit her when he tried to kiss her. Seeing the blood, the natives no longer saw them as gods.
9. Dravot was killed by falling from a rope bridge that the Kafirs cut the ropes from.
10. Carnehan was crucified on a pair of pine trees, but he is let go when he survives for more than a day. He dies of sunstroke the day after talking to the narrator.
Steel:
1. Unlike Kipling, who focused primarily on English-Indian relations and how they interacted, Steel tended to focus much more exclusively on the lives of Indians, both rich and poor.
2. The eldest son died of malaria, the youngest was killed by cholera, and the third was killed in war during a border raid. This left Nanuk ill-equipped to handle the farm, leaving him weaker and more in debt.
3. Nanuk complains that nowadays, Western laws take care of the creditor, while in the old days you had to fight to get respect or to fend off usurers. While Nanuk benefits from modern day justice, as he can still overpower tax collectors, it prevents others from benefiting from that tax money.
4. Nanuk doesn't hate the tax collector as much as he does the weather; at least the tax collector doesn't pretend to favor you one second and betray you the other. Nanuk is very focused on his farm, determined yet begrudgingly accepting of his poor fate.
5. Nanuk goes to find the Lat-sahib. If he had made it, he would have likely been received with scorn and disdain, as modern day leaders cared not for the peasant farmer.
6. Nanuk is very fascinated by the guns and the raiments that the soldiers have, all of their tradition and solemnity different from Nanuk's informal earnestness. The different cultures are shown through Private Smith's fear and confusion at Nanuk, who doesn't talk back to him.
7. Nanuk is stabbed by a bayonet and dies several days later of his wounds. By "another and greater durber," Steel means Nanuk awaits the afterlife to finally appeal to his god or gods, so that he can get justice.
