Part 1: Flow Chart
The above figure is a representation of the flow chart showing the chromosomes as they progress through cell cycle starting with G1 to S through to G2 to meiosis and cytokinesis.
G1 phase: The cell undergoes growth at this point
S phase: The cell makes replicates for its chromosomes. Each of the 10 chromosomes then is comprised of 2 sister chromatids.
G2 phase: The duplicated chromosomes are checked by the cell thereby getting them prepared to divide.
Interphase: This represents the period occurring between two cell division
All the cells that do not undergo division depart from the cell cycle and go in G0.
Part 2
Down syndrome; is a result of extra chromosome 21. They ussualy have 47chromosomes.
Klinefelter syndrome; it is as a result of extra X chromosome resulting into XXY. It sometimes known as klinefelters syndrome 47 XXY.
Trisomy X: 47, XXX. This usually affects females who have extra X chromosome. They are healthy and cannot be distinguished except by karyotype.
Monosomy X (Turner's syndrome): the result chromosome is XO. Women with this disorder have only 45 chromosomes.
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13). Children who had this disorder only lived for some few months after birth.
Part 3
Down syndrome.
It is sometimes referred to aas the Trisomy 21. There is the extra chromosome 21 and the total chromosomes are 47, 21+
Characteristic of down syndrome and those affected by the disorder.
Short stature
Heart defects
Susceptibility to respiratory diseases and usually short life span
Prone to developing early arlzheimer’s and leukemia
Often sterile
Down syndrome is correlated with age of mother but can also be the result of nondisjunction of the father's chromosome 21.
