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The Maritime experienced different economic transformations that involved up rises and downfalls. During the economic decline, the Acadian communities were disadvantaged to the Anglo-Protestant majority around them. The colonies such as British North America and Great Britain that would progress to be Canada in 1867 invested extensively on the Maritimes. This period of transition led to the advancement of the Maritimes in different sectors of the economy. It leads to the specialization of agriculture where regardless of the cheap agricultural land, they specified on monoculture like potato farming.
However, the development of the economy was very slow. The situation changed when for the better when John A. MacDonald was elected in 1878. He applied his national policy towards an economic plan that centered on the development of industries in Canada. The measures that were put in place included custom tariffs on foreign oil, coal, steel, textiles and iron. These tariffs were 30%. Railways were constructed to ensure manufactured goods were transported to the outlying areas. These measures lead to industrial and economic growth.
However, this economic growth was artificial as it crashed with the resignation of Macdonald. There was no market for their products when the customs tariffs ended. The whole region was deindustrialized as the costs of transportation exploded in the absence of the subsidies. Different organizations failed to invest on the Maritimes, and this led to foreclosures of factories. Following were massive migrations of populations of Ontario and the states.
The economic slowdown affected different societal groups in varying degrees. The Acadian economy depended on its business enterprise's location. The Acadian population became vulnerable to the highs and lows of the economy. They mostly were employees to a bigger business than the company owners. Thus, failure thus affected the employees more than the owners of the companies. They later formed cooperatives and acquired their boats that finance processing and fishing activities.