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[Institutional affiliations]Introduction
The concept of love is one of the few words that express almost absolute abstraction (along with the truth, god, and others). The fact that in the concept of love people put a different meaning is doubtless. However, the individual love has a right to exist, as the right to life and have a variety of psychophysical substance called man. There is hardly a man in years, claiming that he had never loved or even fall in love. Many want to love and to be loved themselves. In the course of a lifetime the average person has several milestones, the most differentiating themselves on the before and after meeting with this man, with love, destiny, life and death. Love, what was concealed behind it is a significant event, the state, the process for inclusion in its field other people. So, apparently, love reveals to man his essence, which distinguishes it from others. Everyone loves their own way, and perhaps it is the ability to love makes a man a man and a man, different from other people.
The movie Cruel Intentions shows different types of love, and different love theories may be exemplified by the heroes of the movie. In the course of the movie an audience can see how different love styles interact, and where it leads to. It is possible to see different love styles, based on emotions, passion, intrigue, business and self-esteem. There are love relations that are based on positive feelings and negative. True love can make a person better, but hater will hardly change the attitude to the others.
A young man called Sebastian Valmont had success with all the girls who have ever met. In his hands he had the keys not only on the girls' bedrooms, but also the hearts of the girls themselves. Incredibly charming guy, Sebastian lives, playing not only his life but the lives of others. From the very first moment of the film, there is already an idea of the hero that knows a lot about love. His sister Kathryn is not less quirky adventurer than himself (let us not forget that, in spite of the endless love affairs and dirty things about Kathryn and Sebastian rumors almost never done); she has a spicy character and great ability to manipulate people. Brother and sister in the movie are the equal pair.
Sebastian Valmont is a young handsome, playboy, whose supreme entertainment is seducing beauties. He was not looking for easy ways; he enjoys the process of conquest. Catherine - his half-sister, a vicious body and soul, however, skillfully hides it, while remaining a role model in all of college. The main thing for it is reputation. Here are two of the main villains of the play! Using his authority, they manipulate other people's lives; conduct their violent games, just because it amuses them. Annette in their background looks like the same "ray of light in the darkness", the innocent angel who relentlessly pursues his ideals. Annette becomes a goal for Sebastian and Catherine. The subject of their cruel bet.
So, breaking the fate of tens, and perhaps hundreds of people, Kathryn and Sebastian continued their violent games. All of this has continued up until Sebastian falls in love with Annette. Woman had a clear understanding of life, gorgeous and rich inner world, as well as justified self-esteem, self-image, corresponding to its essence.
Psychology has long been interested in love not counting the pages devoted to love, but still it didn’t not resolve its secret. Love is one, but there are thousands of imitations of it. Love is a revelation for everyone today as thousands of years ago. The heroes of the movie showed that love is powerful and can change not only the people but also affect their lives and fate.
Modern concepts explaining the mechanisms of love for the original take the physiological craving. Romantic love is interpreted as a distraction, which can be the result of anything, but often side by side with danger, death, and fear. The tendency to interpret may be higher than the actual excitement. Romantic love is fickle and unstable, because 1) the reasons for excitement in everyday situations quickly disappear; 2) connected with constant strong experience (both positive and negative) emotions from which tire quickly; 3) focuses on stable idealization of the partner, in which a man becomes a real phantom. Statistically normal outcome of family relationships built on romantic love is the collapse.
An important source of forming the image of love in humans is the experience gained in the parental home, the impact of the behavior of the father and mother as an image of love is not confined to ideas on how to behave during sexual intercourse, but is largely determined by internalized way of communicating in common life with other people. A man who grew up in an atmosphere of authoritarianism and despotism, will look sexy with these, injuring its features. On the contrary, overprotection of parents will form the future of infantile man and a woman.
Attempts to construct theoretical models of love are different claim to greater global. Yet such cases are known. The differences between the models are the love of performance parameters: the optimism-pessimism. In the pessimistic model postulates the weakness and imperfection of man, in the optimistic - the constructive power of love.
Pessimistic model proposed by L. Casler (1973). He identifies three reasons that make people fall in love: 1) the need for recognition; 2) the satisfaction of the sexual needs; 3) conformist reaction (so accepted). Love by Casler is an alloy combination of emotions, among which the leading role played by the fear of losing power to meet their needs. Love constructed by the constant fear of losing it, it makes man unfree, dependent and prevents personal development. Positive emotional state of love, he connects with the human gratitude for the satisfaction of their needs. Therefore, concludes L. Casler, free person does not feel love. It is possible to exemplify Sebastian’s love to Annette and his love styles before he really fell in love. The heart of every next girl was for him a way of self-affirmation. Also Kathryn’s attitude to the opposite sex illustrated the model perfectly well. She wanted only to get recognition and satisfaction of her needs, and it is even hard to say if she felt at least anything.
Optimistic model was proposed by Maslow (1970). According to this model it is characterized by love of removing anxiety, a feeling of complete security and psychological comfort, satisfaction of psychological and sexual side of the relationship that grows over the years, steadily increasing interest of people who love each other. During a joint life partners know each other, a realistic assessment of the spouse combined with its full adoption. Constructive power of love by Maslow connects with a compound of the sexual sphere with the emotional, helping to maintain the loyalty of partners and equal relations. This type of love can be illustrated by the Annette model of love. When she falls in love with Sebastian, she tries to find a way to feel the harmony and feel the best sides of emotions.
Lee has exemplified the love with six Greek words and related it to different colors. Each style has its color and there are the next ones.
1. Eros - a passionate love-passion. Usually it is based on the passion and emotional needs of both partners to feel the joy and pleasure. Episodic love between Sebastian and Annette can be illustrated with this type.
2. ludus - hedonistic love-play with the change. This can partially relate to Kathryn and Sebastian at the very beginning of the story. This love style is the will to have a temporary fun and to achieve the results in the love game. This is what the pair did at the very beginning of the movie.
3. storge - the love, the friendship; this type may be more related to Annette and her boyfriend who went to see the Europe.
4. mania - love-obsession with uncertainty and dependence;
5. pragma - love for the calculation; this style was showed by Kathryn, who used Cecile to revenge her ex-boyfriend and used Sebastian for her self-esteem and cruel play.The authors suggest that storge, mania and pragma are more typical of women.
6. Agape - selfless love, dedication.
Erich Fromm distinguishes 5 types of love: brotherly, parent, adult, self-love and love of God. He identifies in love: caring, responsibility, respect for one another, knowledge of the characteristics of another, certainly to love the sensation of pleasure and joy.
Thus, some authors (Cesler, Freud, Martinson, Rake) tried to outline the need for love as a sign of inadequacy. Freud and W. Rake consider love as a reflection of their own perception of unmet ideals in a partner. Peel draws a parallel between the use of drugs and love (dependent on the sense of satisfaction contributes to an underestimation of their self-esteem). According to Cesler, love is a sign of the need for a healthy person. Freud and Reiki said that love is not a pathology, but it characterizes the neurotic personality. Thus, the dependence of customers psychotherapists from its partners show that inadequate person more dependent on the love to survive psychologically. Thus, the concept of inadequacy in many ways was used by different authors.
In the movie we can see both adequate love and inadequate. When Sebastian fell in love, it was hard to explain a lot of his actions; he did a lot of inadequate things to attract Annette’s attention. Love itself made him inadequate and made change his lifestyle and attitude to love. He became a real honest person and from the point of view of the hero himself he became really inadequate. Love made Annette forget her boyfriend and her claim to save herself till the marriage. Love made Kathryn make revenge to her ex-boyfriend and manipulate people. In the movie a lot of characters become really inadequate because of love.
Theory of Love by Afanasyev. Love is a special state of euphoria caused by the illusion to find happiness in a pair with the subject, rather those endowed with mental properties, which is lacking. The author based his understanding of the internal architecture of a man consisting of four modules or mental functions: Emotions (soul), logic (mind), Physics (body) and Will (spirit). This set of features inherent in all people, but it forms the identity of a hierarchy that determines the difference between people. There four components interact, so the will of the individual's inner world. People converge fruitfully in varying degrees, aspiring to harmony of mind and life, respectively hierarchies of their functions. Author mathematically correlating hierarchies allocates 24 variants of interaction between two people in the name of love. That is a significant flaw in the manifestation of a function (will, emotions, body, mind) is the cause of love for another person. There are three kinds of love (or a combination of weak functions with the opposite side that can cause euphoria):
One of them is eros, love on the principle of opposites. It occurs most often, unfortunately, the strengths of others do not add strength weak side. Love - envy - hatred. This kind of love the best described in the relationship between Sebastian and Annette. They are completely different with different view on the world. Sebastian was stronger side, so he changed Annette and made her forget her promises. On the other hand, when Annette stopped being weak, she managed to change Sebastian, and turn him from a disgusting person to a simple poor man in love.
Life gave them absolutely everything that they wanted, and many deadly wanting the same thing, do not get anything out of life as a gift. Intrigue and fame, wealth and freedom, sex and violent intentions, they have everything, but no one - of conscience, which is able to repent of their own actions. They do not play checkers, their main game is to destroy the opponent's fate, they play in restricted games and do not repent of their deeds, for fun, for the sake of their own desires, and their main entertainment becomes luring puppets with the help of seduction, plunging the toy in the flow of pain, despair and betrayal. They're only children of rich parents. Brother and sister. They don’t understand that depend on each other, they will destroy themselves with their own desires. When a bored young people realized that their main game in this story was the game against each other, only a pawn in their game was not so easy.
With their nefarious purposes, feelings of remorse and intrigue were inevitable. Life for them has put an end to this game. For all we had to pay. It is not good to play someone else's life.
Intrigue, hypocrisy, false that is what first comes to mind at the mention of the movie Cruel Intentions. The very name reflects the essence of the great films where the protagonists, forgetting about human feelings, yielding to his sinful desires, break the fate of innocent people. It spoiled kids of rich parents, who used to be in the spotlight, a model for others, tend to think that everything is permitted to them.
Sebastian chased Annette to win a bet with Catherine. In addition to all the seduction of a virgin, the daughter of director of college, he wanted to improve his reputation. Such selfish thoughts go to the main character in the first phase of his evil plan. When he begins to think that falls in love with Annette, she imbued her ideas. She was the only woman able to make him laugh, but Easily influenced by Catherine, Sebastian realizes that this is not possible. Kathryn did not change her mind. Sebastian still did not understand, soon to be followed by each of mischief bitter retribution.
Definitely, the love styles in this movie were opposite. First, positive and negative ones. The film contrasts the true light love and the dark and based on the hater. Kathryn loved only herself and the other things she did slightly relate to love. But she had a power to affect people and manipulate them via their feelings. On the other hand, an effect of a positive love may be illustrated by Annette’s feelings to Sebastian. She managed to change him and make him better then he previously was. And finally, Sebastian, that managed to change himself and his love from negative to positive.
The other contrast is the love based on the passion and the needs of satisfaction and the love that was based on the clear emotions. Here, Sebastian himself can be an illustration, when he shifted from one style to another.
Finally, the ability to love the others and the ability to love only oneself is also showed. Annette is able to give her feelings and share love, but Kathryn is the type that can love only herself the best.
Conclusion
The love was studied by different sciences and scientists. The movie Cruel Intentions gathered together different heroes with different ability to love. We can see that each hero can show different types of love by different theories. Some characters managed to change their style in the course of story (Sebastian), some showed positive (Annette) and negative sides (Kathryn) of love. But all in all the types interacted well in a breathtaking love story.
The love styles that each hero possessed, interacted in different combinations, and it lead finally to different finals. Kathryn, with her cruelty and will to manipulate the others and make her self-esteem, manages to affect the weak people to turn them into opposites. She doesn’t change herself, but manipulating the others via the feelings, she manages to make people worse. On the other hand, Annette also manages to affect Sebastian, but in a positive way. The audience witnesses the development of a negative hero to positive. Dark love makes people revenge and turn into something cruel. Light love is powerful enough to change the point of views and bring the joy of life.
References
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