This is the documented and in-depth analysis of a specific real life situation or even a hypothetical scenario, usually used as a training tool. In most cases, students are asked to analyze the given cases and present their individual or group interpretations or solutions, that are expected to be supported by their line of thinking as well as their assumptions.
A longitudinal design or study is a method of statistical analysis in which the study or test is repeated severally, after the initial test, mainly to be able to identify the trends in the analysis. Its actually a Co relational research that is mainly employed to identify the trend in a given phenomena.
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of experiments when researching child development?
2. Outline the ethical issues involved in research on children.
Advantages and disadvantages when researching on child development
Advantages
The research may help in assisting a child to improve his or her performance in school. In cases where the child is in school, the child development research may help the stakeholders who may include teachers and parents to understand the basis of a child’s performance. If the performance does not reflect what is expected of the child, then teachers can devise a method of helping the child. This can be of great help to the child since the child can improve helping him or her to achieve his or her goals.
The research on child development allows the child to demonstrate their contemplations in unreservedly thus showing their thinking. Somebody’s contemplations easily reflect the way he or she thinks. Once a child displays his contemplations, it becomes easier for people to understand the child and the way he can be treated in matters pertaining real life situation. This further helps a child to develop confidence in himself once people give credit to his thoughts.
Researching on child development avails a lot of information on the child. Without the the research, the information can take a lot of time before manifesting. This can derail assisting the child, but once the research is conducted the child’s displays a lot of information thus allowing the parents and guardians to understand him. Once the information has been achieved, the child can receive encouragement and relevant assistance once the results of the research reveal the need for such assistance. This can change the destiny of the child since the parents and guardians who may include teachers can swing into action at once to help the child.
The research produces comprehensive result in the form of data. These details normally cover a wide range in the life and behavioral life of the child. The parents get a detailed understanding of their children and on the same note the educators comprehend the students well thus giving them the necessary attention.
Disadvantages
Over-relying on this process may play to the disadvantage of a child to the interested parties. The reason for this can be due to the fact that the research results are not always accurate. Once people rely on results which are not accurate, then people may have a wrong view of the children. The wrong view may also lead to parents insisting on the child being given a wrong therapy especially if the proprietors gave the wrong results to the child’s guardians. Likewise, when the results wrongly show that a child does not have any problem yet in the real sense if he has, then the parents may not realize it until the child develops some complications.
When children realize that a study is being conducted about them, they may tend to pretend and this may also bring out wrong results. Such results if relied on do not portray the real character and behavior of the child. This may play to the disadvantage of the research method.
Ethical Issues involved in Research on children
The perception that children cannot make independent decisions has found its way to the research in children. This means that children have always been acted upon by parents, teachers, medical practitioners and other people in charge of them. This means that during child research, the interviewers and researchers only follow what they believe is appropriate for the children. Nobody deliberately follows their opinions. The researchers unconsciously ignore the children when carrying out research. Their main reasons range from being in a better position to know what is good for the children and the desire to protect them. He consequence of not considering their views in research means that people do not learn about them during the research. This in turn means that they fail to build up fresh, enhanced methods to move towards caring and shielding them from harm.
Some children are subjected to research without their approval, this is because traditionally children have not been considered independent decision making. Most of the most vulnerable among the children are those who are young. Even those who can make the decisions do so with the influence of their parents and those who control them. This means that most of them get subjected to research methods without their consent (KEENAN, T., & EVANS, S 2008). The parents and guardians somehow ensure that they influence the outcomes of the decisions the children make.
The choice of questions used in most of these researches does not give the children the opportunity to think and give independent answers. The truth is that the questions asked do not respect the children’s freedom of seclusion. The assumption that researchers have a right to ask children all sorts of questions whatsoever is ill founded. Children like the adults also require freedom to their privacy and the research questions should bear this in mind.
Macrosystem
This refers to the external surroundings of a person. They entail the associations of children with other persons in the instant location. These immediate associations take place in “the home, the school, or the peer group” (RATHUS, S. A 2011). In these associations, the child interacts with other people and this gives him/ her a sense of belonging and meaning.
Socialization
It is a process which can naturally occur as children interact with the surroundings. The surrounding here refers to the contents of the environment which can be inclusive of people. It can be said to be the practice by which young people and even grown ups learn from each other. The process commences from the initial stages of the growth and development of children (GRUSEC, J. E., & HASTINGS, P. D 2008). The process of socialization can bear positive and negative results especially when a child has to learn from people who have undesired behaviors.
Microsystem
Microsystems can be said to be the associations and assemblages which which bring about an effect to the escalation and development of children. In the child’s growth, Microsystems can refer to the deepest surrounding stratum of the child (KAIL, R. V., & CAVANAUGH, J. C 2013). This surrounding narrow down to the home environment only and to be specific what the child can learn from the family members who closely interact with him.
What are the effects of poverty on child Development
Poverty can have very negative impacts on child development. One of the major effects of poverty to child development can be said to be a lack of enough resources for the child to use for proper development. A child who comes from a poor family may not get among many things enough food (APPIAH, A 2005). This may make the child to be weak. The weakness may lead to poor immune system and thus the child may not develop as expected.
Poverty in a developing child may also lead to stranded growth. This may result from poor diet and sickness. When children develop, they require specialized treatments due to their vulnerability to ailments. Once they do not get proper medical attention, then their development can be interfered with.
Poverty may also make a child to be less intelligent. Poverty may mean that the child does not get enough materials which are necessary for the growth of the child (NOLAN, L. 2011). While those children from well up families may get things like toys which enhance their thinking capacity as they use them, their poor counterparts lack the same.
Embryonic period/Stage
This refers to the stage which during the prenatal stage when the growing organism forms a group of cells. This can be said to be the period between the 3rd and the 8th week. It is the third stage after commencement of the growth and development of the unborn child.
References
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RATHUS, S. A. (2011). Childhood and adolescence: voyages in development. Belmont, CA, Cengage Learning.
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GRUSEC, J. E., & HASTINGS, P. D. (2008). Handbook of socialization: theory and research. New York, Guilford.
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KAIL, R. V., & CAVANAUGH, J. C. (2013). Human development: a life-span view. Belmont, Calif, Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
KEENAN, T., & EVANS, S. (2008). An Introduction to child development. Sage.
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APPIAH, A. (2005). The ethics of identity. Princeton, NJ [u.a.], Princeton Univ. Press.
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NOLAN, L. (2011). Primary and secondary qualities: the historical and ongoing debate. New York, Oxford University Press.
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