The average amount of water in the body of an adult person is considered to be around 60 percent of his weight (Rhoades and Bell, 2009). Therefore, if Mark weighed 180 lbs (85 kg), the approximate physiologic volume of water in his organism was around 108 lbs (51 kg).
If Mark weighted 168 lbs after the accident, we can think that this weight is the actual amount of water that he lost because during these several days he lost mainly water. Therefore, he lost 12 lbs of water, which is 11.11 percent of all water in his organism.
Main physiological causes are high temperature, which pledged mark to sweat excessively and absence of drinking water sources to fulfill his increased needs.
High heart rate and low arterial pressure indicate that Mark experienced a hypovolemic shock as a result of his extreme fluid loss.
Hematocrit increased because of the increased percentage of red blood cells volume in the blood due to water loss. Sodium level increased because of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
The result of capillary refill test showed once again that Mark was in a state of shock due to hypovolemia.
While sweating during these several days Mark lost not only big amounts of water but also a lot of blood electrolytes. Giving him water would have solved the problem of hypovolemia but would have left the problem of electrolyte disbalance, which is also a serious medical condition.
Drinking sea water, which is hypertonic, not only wouldn’t have solved the problem of hypovolemia but would have increased it because in that case to maintain the blood plasma isotonic the organism needs to take its own water from the intercellular space, deepening the water shortage of tissues.
Charlie
The main advantage of autotransplantation is the absence of transplant rejection. Even cells of the most carefully selected donor will always have partial incompatibility with the recipient's immune system. Autotransplantation allows not to use immunosuppressive therapy to patients.
Growth factor induces the process of bone marrow cells proliferation. It allows to take more cells for transplantation and increases the number of mature cells which are released into the bloodstream, allowing to ease for the patient the time before transplantation.
Lymphocytes function is associated with the specific immunity. It means that the lymphocytes are fighting the pathogens which we already have met. For this purpose T-lymphocytes use direct cytotoxic mechanisms and B-lymphocytes produce antibodies.
The quantity of erythrocytes in our blood is determined by the production of the erythropoietin. This cytokine is produced in the kidney as an answer to the hypoxia. When a massive hemolysis or blood loss occurs, the bigger amount of erythropoietin is produced. Erythropoietin increases the intensifies the hemopoiesis and bone marrow reveals into the blood more red blood cells.
Thomas
It happens because in the initial stage of fever. In this stage, heat production of the body is much higher than heat irradiation. To reduce heat irradiation, surface vessels in the skin constrict, causing chills and shivering, while body temperature is rising. In the last stage of fever, organism tries to finish it by increasing the heat irradiation so it becomes higher than heat production. Swelling in this stage is caused by dilatation of the skin vessels and the warming of the skin despite the lowering of body temperature.
Antipyretics act by increasing the activity of cyclooxygenase in the organism. This ferment catalyzes the production of prostaglandins, which have pyrogenic activity. Therefore, with the decrease of prostaglandin production, temperature falls.
Aspirin has plenty of adverse effects. It contributes to the occurrence of gastric ulcers, can cause hemolysis and aspirin-induced asthma in hypersensitive patients (Sostres et al., 2010). It is not recommended to use aspirin for children due to the possibility of Reye syndrome.
In my opinion, it is associated with the death of a large number of bacterial cells caused by antibiotic. Cell fragments and proteins, many of which have pyrogenic effect get into the bloodstream and cause the brief rise of the body temperature.
References
Rhoades, R. and Bell, D. (2009). Medical physiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Sostres, C., Gargallo, C., Arroyo, M. and Lanas, A. (2010). Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 24(2), pp.121-132.
