Seminar: Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms in Lymphatic Vascular Disease
The YouTube video presented by David Zawieja, talks about immune and inflammatory mechanisms that occur in Lymphatic Vascular diseases. The lymphatic system has a significant role in various essential mechanisms inside the body such as edema resolution, fluid and macromolecular homeostasis, inflammation and antigen trafficking. The primary of the Lymphatic function involves the transportation of Lymphatic substances from the interstitial spaces between the tissues via lymphatic capillary network and nodes that terminate into the venous blood inside the veins. The most significant segment of the lymphatic function is the flow of lymph through multiple nodes. The immune cells like inflammatory cytokines may provoke the development of lymphatic. Failure in lymphatic functioning may lead to the accumulation of tissue debris, fluid and immune cells in the interstitial spaces that will result in acute inflammation and lymphedema and carcinoma (Welter et al. 167-172). The classic role of the lymphatic, immune, vascular system is to transport the antigens and trafficking of lymphocytes and immune cells. The immune cells population in a post-nodal lymph includes 15% neutrophils, 10% macrophages, 60% T-Lymphocytes, and 15% B-Lymphocytes. David emphasized the lymphatic transportation of dendritic cells occurs through junctional complexes via the button contacts located at the lymphatic endothelium. These specific arrangements suggest that their rearrangement in a particular fashion is according to the several Chemokines, CCL19, and CCL21 secreted by lymphatic endothelium. The dendritic cells enter into the endothelial junctions expanding it into a bigger diameter and further crawls to reach the lymphatic lumen. The lymphatic endothelium demonstrate differentiated characteristics in comparison of vascular endothelium, such as it contains larger diameter with an irregular lumen, overlapping junctional complexes and no RBCs (Petrova et al. 4593-4599; Bridenbaugh et al. 155-171; Pepper, Michael and Skobe 209-213).
David has described the antigen transport to and through the lymph node elaborately. According to him afferent lymphatic bursts into the lymph node capsule targeting the subcapsular sinuses. At this stage, the molecular weight of the affront material plays a critical role. The molecules above 100kDa travel peripherally in the sub-cortical region into the medullary sinuses that further travel towards efferent lymphatic. At this stage, the bacteria and high molecular weight materials are seized by dendritic cells and macrophages residing in subcapsular sinuses. Moreover, David added that lymph is a body fluid that carries self-energy and information to the nodes that are used by the nodes in managing the appropriate cytokines according to the required immune response. In lymph nodes, lymphatic interact with innate and adaptive immune cells and lymph contain some particular proteins that are not found in plasma (Clement et al. 172-187).
Questions Raised
1. What is the use of transportation of lymph through more than one lymph node?
The researchers have presumed that this multiple node pattern is a particular pattern that is designed to upgrade the ability to improve the uptake of foreign antigens and to accelerate the proliferation of immune response as well as the development of more immune cells.
2. What specific feature lymphatics have that provides them an ability to enrich antigen processing and immune system gene in comparison of vascular system?
The lymphatics have rich MHC-II plus that acts as a key factor for antigen processing that is not seen in blood vessel system or somewhere else. Literature has also supported that these particular characteristics of lymphatic vessels will help in controlling the metastatic behavior of cells. The crawling behavior of lymph cells facilitates the transportation of affected cells to other parts of the body. Thus, these both characteristics can be mutually used to control the uncontrolled proliferation of lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) through reprogramming the immune cells at the prenodal stage. These insights will help in combating the cardiopulmonary diseases (Cueni, Leah and Michael 2167-2177). Moreover, crawling lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells may contribute to the endothelial repair of affected areas through a cellular patch at the impacted site and replace the damaged endothelium (Hill et al. 593-600).
Works cited
Bridenbaugh, Eric A., et al. "An immunological fingerprint differentiates muscular lymphatics
Clement, Cristina C., et al. "Protein expression profiles of human lymph and plasma mapped by
2D-DIGE and 1D SDS–PAGE coupled with nanoLC–ESI–MS/MS bottom-up
proteomics." Journal of proteomics 78 (2013): 172-187.
Cueni, Leah N., and Michael Detmar. "New insights into the molecular control of the lymphatic
vascular system and its role in disease." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 126.10
(2006): 2167-2177.
Hill, Jonathan M., et al. "Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and
cardiovascular risk." New England Journal of Medicine 348.7 (2003): 593-600.
Petrova, Tatiana V., et al. "Lymphatic endothelial reprogramming of vascular endothelial cells
4599.
Pepper, Michael S., and Mihaela Skobe. "Lymphatic endothelium morphological, molecular and
functional properties." The Journal of cell biology 163.2 (2003): 209-213.
Welter, Stefan, et al. "Prognostic impact of lymph node involvement in pulmonary metastases
172.
