The Health Promotion Model of Nola Pender is a theory that proposes that health promotion activities of healthy lifestyle and health choices help with the prevention of illness and disease. This model assists nurses in understanding of the detrimental impact associated with irresponsible health choices. The article covered the topic of physical activity as it applies to Pender’s Health Promotion Model developing the parallel between sedentary lifestyle and irresponsible physical activities behaviors correlating the negative health outcomes Pender’s theory discussed (Robbins et al., 2001).
The study “Health-Promoting Behaviors in Men age 45 and above” researched and explains health promoting behaviors among middle aged men. The study also explored the differences between the health of middle aged men and women in the United States. The results of the study showed that self-efficacy was the main predictor of health promoting behaviors and overall nutrition. Age and lower levels of income did not affect men’s self-efficacy for health promoting behaviors (Arras, Ogletree & Welshimer 2006).
Healthcare is constantly and rapidly changing yet health promotion is something that we nurses as healthcare providers should be advocate of. The nurses’ role as health promoters should include the overall wellbeing of the patient including the mental, emotional and spiritual aspects. The article deals with the idea of nurse promotion practices where nurses can also devise strategies for patients. The article reveals that current trends toward the assumption of health promotion and prevention of diseases are increasingly being adopted as alternatives to medical models (Old, 2014).
According to a study among Taiwanese youth by Pender and Wu (2005), health behaviors start from adolescence and continue into adulthood. During the course of the study of eighth and ninth graders, Pender and Wu discovered that self-efficacy was the most important predictor of the level of physical activity individuals’ would perform. This self-efficacy was a self-assessment of their ability to perform that certain behavior. The study found only nine to thirty percent of individuals younger than twenty years of age were physically active (Pender & Wu, 2005). Factors such as gender, parent education, social support, modeling, and norms affect physical activity involvement of the adolescence. Females were less likely to be physically active. Social support from people around them was positively correlated to physical activity. Higher parent education directly affected activity levels in adolescents (Pender & Wu, 2005).
A similar study on adolescence had a goal to identify key reasons why there is a decline in physical activity in youth of today. The results showed that young males have a higher physical activity than young females. This implies that nurses and other health care professionals should counsel adolescents regarding physical exercise as health promotion activity ( Robbins, Pis, Pender, & Kazanis , 2004).
Powerpoint outline
Brief Overview of the Importance of Nursing theory development in nursing (Slide 1)
Nursing as a Profession
Role of Nurses
Introduction to Health Promotion Model (Slide 2)
Developed by Nola Pender
Definition
Each person has characteristics and actions that affect their health choices.
Purpose
Background of Theorist and Theory (Slide 3)
Nola Pender
Born on August 16,1941
Bachelors of Science in Nursing – University of Michigan (1964)
Masters of Science in Nursing – University of Michigan (1965)
Doctorate of Philosophy – Northwestern University (1969)
Health Promotion Model
Initially created in 1982
Revised in 1996
Objective (Slide 4)
The reader will be able to discuss Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) as it pertains to:
4 metaparadigms of Nursing
specific concepts of the HPM
specific propositions and assertions of the HPM
theoretical implications on
Education
Research
Nursing practice
Philosophy (Slide 5)
Humans interact with their environment creating an atmosphere that is beneficial to their desires.
Human being and the environment can be said to have a reciprocal relationship
Theoretical Assumptions (Slide 6)
Expectancy Value Theory (Jacquelynne Eccles)
Social Cognitive Theory (Albert Bandura)
Metaparadigm (Slide 7)
Person - The unique individual who is the focus of the model. (Slide 7)
Environment - The physical, interpersonal, and economic circumstances in which persons live. (Slide 8)
Health - A positive high-level state that is personally defined (Slide 9)
Nursing - Raising consciousness of health-promoting behaviors and promoting self-efficacy (Slide 9)
Concepts (Slide 11-12)
Health Promotion
Better prevent than treat
Better promote than heal (Pender, 2012)
The individual is the major focus of the model
Each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences
These characteristics affect subsequent actions (Butts & Rich, 2015)
Theoretical Assumptions (Slide 13)
Persons seek to create condition of living
Persons have the capacity for reflective self-awareness
Persons value growth
Persons seek to actively regulate their own behaviour
Health professionals constitute a part of the interpersonal environment
Theoretical Propositions (Slide 14)
Persons commit to engaging in behaviors from which they anticipate deriving personally valued benefits.
Perceived barriers can constrain commitment to action, as well as actual behavior.
Greater perceived self-efficacy results in fewer perceived barriers to a specific health behavior.
Situational influences in the external environment can increase or decrease commitment to or participation in health-promoting behavior.
The greater the commitment to a specific plan of action, the more likely health-promoting behaviors will be maintained over time.
Analysis and Critique
Nursing Practice (Slide 15)
Nursing Education (Slide 16)
Current activity level
Self efficacy
Support system
Socioeconomic status
Education level (Health Promotion Model, 2013)
Nursing staff educates the patient on importance of healthy lifestyle
Improved overall health
Disease prevention
Decreased pain associated with increased strength and agility
Mechanisms/Exercises appropriate for patient activity level, age (Health Promotion Model, 2013)
Nursing Research (Slide 18)
Supports the use of the Health Promotion Model in applications including
Patients with disabilities and chronic conditions
Adolescence
Childhood (Pender & Wu, 2005)
Nursing Practice (Slide 19-20)
Nursing staff improves health conditions through collaboration with
Patients
Families
Community (Health Promotion Model, 2013)
Healthcare staff assists patients with ADL’s as needed
Allows staff to monitor independence vs dependence
Discuss obstacles in patient’s environment
c. Discuss support system to facilitate adherence to exercise regimen
Conclusion (Slide 21)
Pender’s ideology is particularly valuable to nursing because it allows nurse to work in conjunction with the client gaining a understanding of the clients detrimental unhealthy lifestyle choices in turn enabling behavioral counseling on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle.
References (Slide 22)
References
Arras, R. E., Ogletree, R. J., & Welshimer, K. J. (2006). Health-promoting behaviors in men
age 45 and above. International Journal of Men's Health, 5(1), 65-72,74-79.
Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/222800478?accountid=87314
Old, N. (2014). Paving the way for health promotion nurses: An international perspective. Creative Nursing, 20(4), 222-226. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1621416262?accountid=458
Pender, N., & Wu, T. (2005, April/June). A panel study of physical activity in taiwanese youth: Testing the revised health-promotion model. Family & Community Health, 28(2), 113- 124. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15778625
Robbins, L. B., Pender, N. J., Conn, V. S., Frenn, M. D., & al, e. (2001). Physical activity research in nursing. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(4), 315-21. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/236395902?accountid=87314
Robbins, L. B., Pis, M. B., Pender, N. J., & Kazanis, A. S. (2004). Physical activity self- definition among adolescents. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 18(4), 317-30. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/207666292?accountid=87314
