Arguably, across cultures and through the ages, non-parental assistance with child care has tremendously become a norm. In the entire globe, children live typically with, as well as cared for principally by their parents. But, children also receive care from paid care-providers, neighbors, friends and extended family. Due to globalization and industrialization, there is increased dependence on paid childcare; mothers have become job-oriented. For the last decades, research has been undertaken to establish on the influence of non-parental childcare on Childs cognitive capacity, psychological, social, as well as health development. There are three various types of non-parental childcare that most parents go for, when they are not in a point to care for their children. Recently, most parents go to work in order to provide for the family; hence, they are not in a position to take care of their children.
There is three main non-parental child care; this include, childcare center, family childcare home, as well as in-home care. A child care centers provide care for different groups of children, in fact, the services are provided by a staff of caregivers. The state licenses the centers, of which they provide numerous training and childhood education (Berns, 2011). In most case, childcare centers are operated by profit making agencies while others are operated by non-profit making organization. The second type of non-parental childcare is family care home. In this case, the family care homes provide care to relatively small group of children within the caregivers’ home. The homes are licensed and registered by the government (Lamb, 2006).
Finally, in-home care is a type of non-parental childcare that takes place within your home. The caregivers are brought home to take care of the child; they can be professional nannies, a student, baby-sitter, or just an experienced caregiver on young children. Parents using this type of child care always check the references of the caregivers. Additionally, when using in-home care, parents of the child become employers; hence, it requires important consideration, especially on issues such as Social security taxes, as well as Federal Unemployment Insurance (Berns, 2011).
Undeniably, these types of child care have tremendous influence in the development of the child. Its impacts on development of the child vary from one type of childcare to another. Studies show that family based childcare and center childcare are mostly associated with a high rate of proper cognitive development. Children taken care in these childcare systems have better academic and literacy skills (Lamb, 2006). Additionally, children who were under the non-parental care develop a sense of self-reliance, and always focus in all their life to be independent. Psychologically, children under the non-parental care develop a sense of aggressive behavior. Scholars assert this type of behavior to the child care centers where many children are taken care of; hence, one of the survival tactic that children adopt is to be aggressive (Waldfogel, 2006).
Children who undergo non-parental care are always social towards many people. The environment exposed, prepare them to the social world. In fact, the moist influential type of non-parental childcare in terms of socialization is the center based childcare (Waldfogel, 2006). Many children are taken care of within the center; hence, the child develops in an environment where many people interact. According to many scholars, Non-parental childcare disrupts the continuity of psychological, social and cognitive development (Lamb, 2006). In most cases, it breaks the attachment between parents and the child hindering socio-emotional development. Despite the disruption of attachment, cognitive theorists assert that non-parental childcare develops a well-designed instruction and stimulation on the communicative and mental development of a child. Generally, the influence of non-parental childcare depends on the type of childcare, as well as the behaviors of caregivers.
References
Berns, R. (2011). Child, Family, School, Community: Socialization and Support. New York:
Springer.
Lamb, M. (2006). Effects of Non-Parental Child Care on Child Development. Can J Psychiatry,
Vol 41
Waldfogel, J. (2006). What Children Need. California: Wadsworth.
