Safe and effective nursing care relies on the proper allocation of nursing resources to the healthcare of patients. Optimal nurse staffing considers both the number and competency of the nurses in the healthcare team. The world is experiencing a significant decrease in the supply of nurses while the percentage of patients continues to rise. This study will focus on factors impacting nursing supply and demand.
Nursing Supply and Demand
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Global Nursing Statistics
1. Developing countries
a. Lowest nurse-patient ratios
b. Highest nurse-patient ratios
2. Developed countries
a. Lowest nurse-patient ratios
b. Highest nurse-patient ratios
B. U.S Statistics
1. Setting
2. Specialty
II. FACTORS AFFECTING NURSING SUPPLY
A. Declining numbers of nursing graduates
B. Aging of the nursing workforce
C. Declines in relative earnings
D. Population growth and aging
E. Trends in health care financing
F. Nurse burnout
1. Low nurse-patient ratios
2. Workload
3. Working hours
4. Working conditions
5. Leadership styles
6. Nursing perceptions
a. General population
b. Physicians
c. Other health-care professionals
7. Job satisfaction
III. DISTRIBUTION OF DEMAND BY SETTING
A. Outpatient
1. Private clinics
2. Government clinics
3. Specialty clinics
B. Inpatient: short-term
1. Bed size
2. Types of technology
3. Teaching status
4. Medical units
5. Surgical units
6. Oncology
7. ICU
8. ER
C. Inpatient: Long-term
D. Nursing facilities
E. Home health
IV. EMERGING TRENDS
A. Shared leadership
B. Delegation
C. Multi-disciplinary teams
D. Multi-disciplinary learning
E. Nursing research
V. RECOMMENDATIONS
VI. CONCLUSION
References
Aiken L.H., Cimiotti J.P., Sloane D.M., Smith H.L., Flynn L., & Neff D.F. (2011).
Effects of nurse staffing and nurse education on patient deaths in hospitals with
different nurse work environments. Med Care, 49, 1047–1053.
Dubow J., Haeuser J., Hamm C., Torvik I., & Wehmeyer J. (2007).The business of
nursing: experts discuss budgets, staffing, safety and more. AWHONN Lifelines.
10 (6),474-80.
Flynn M., & McKeown M. (2009). Nurse staffing levels revisited: a consideration of key
issues in nurse staffing levels and skill mix research. J Nurs Manag. 17(6),759-66.
Kane R., Shamliyan T., Mueller C., Duval S., & Wilt .TJ. (2007). Nurse staffing and
quality of patient care. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). (151),1-115.
Kane R.L., Shamliyan T.A., Mueller C., Duval S., & Wilt T.J. (2007). The association of
registered nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes: systematic review and meta-
analysis. Med Care 45,1195–1204.
Van den Heede K., Clarke S.P., Sermeus W., Vleugels A., & Aiken L.H. (2007).
International experts' perspectives on the state of the nurse staffing and patient
outcomes literature. J Nurs Scholarsh. 39(4), 290-7.
Van den Heede K., Lesaffre E., Diya L., Vleugels A., Clarke S.P., Aiken L.H., &
Sermeus W. (2009). The relationship between inpatient cardiac surgery mortality
and nurse numbers and educational level: analysis of administrative data. Int J
Nurs Stud 46, 796–803.
Yasunaga H, Hashimoto H, Horiguchi H, Miyata H, & Matsuda S. (2012). Variation in
cancer surgical outcomes associated with physician and nurse staffing: a
retrospective observational study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure
Combination Database. BMC Health Serv Res., 12 (1),129.
