Pan-Islam Essay Samples

In the history of the Muslim Ottoman Empire during XVI - the beginning of the twentieth centuries - the era of social and political prosperity and its wreckage. National history of more than 20 modern Middle East countries, South East Europe, and North Africa is closely linked to the Ottoman Empire. In possession of the Sultans, Bogohranimogo State entered the territory of about 8 million sq. M. km. with a population of over 30 million. subjects.
In the second half of ХIХ, the expansion of European states takes place in the Muslim East, which led to the transformation of the Ottoman Empire "in the market, and then a semi-colony of the European capitalist powers." As a result, of these policies 6 October 1875 Porta declared itself a bankrupt, and in 1876 the dual control (Britain and France) was introduced over Egyptian finances. The colonialist policy of European powers led to the growth of the national liberation movement in the Ottoman Empire.
In 70-ies of XIX century, powerful peasant movement unfolded in the Balkan provinces - Bosnia-Herzegovina (summer 1875); Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro (in July 1876), whereas in Egypt was a major uprising led by Arabi Pasha (1879-1882).
In Turkey has passed a whole series of coups d'état, which resulted on 31 August 1876 to the proclaiming of new Sultan, Abdul-Hamid. It was a new regime installed, which was named "zulyum" (tyranny, despotism). The official ideology of Pan-Islamism was zulyuma.
Panislamism- religious-political ideology, which is based on the submission of non-national, non-class unity of all Muslims, caused by the equality of their "face of God", and Muslims need to unite under a single theocratic state - the Caliphate. The doctrine of pan-Islamism was launched in the early 70s of XIX century by a Turkish educator, member of society "Young Ottomans" Namık Kemal as a means of ideology, identity mobilization of the Muslim masses in the face of colonial danger. It was based on the thesis of the leading role of Islam as a spiritual, as well as in public life. The Caliph (who is considered the Ottoman Sultan) was considered as the leader of the Muslims all over the world. These ideas were further developed by Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, who used them in the anti-colonial propaganda.
Pan-Islamism ideas found some reflection in the slogans of various opposition and revolutionary movements of the Muslim world, but in terms of growth of national consciousness and the formation of modern nations they quickly were driven out by ideas of ethnic nationalism (Pan-Turkism, pan-Arabism, etc.). In the late 60's - early 70-ies XX century revived the ideology of Pan-Islamism has become the ideological basis of the movement of Islamic solidarity in the era of the collapse of the colonial system and the acquisition of national independence of the country and the Middle East. In particular, pan-Islamism ideas are reflected in the activities of organizations such as the Muslim League (ML), World Islamic Congress, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) and others. A number of radical religious-political movements ( "Muslim Brotherhood," Hizb ut-Tahrir et al.) are using the modified ideas of pan-Islamism in its activities.