Question One: Parenting
Parenting means having children and taking care of them. A parent supports and promotes the social, physical, financial, emotional, and intellectual development of a kid from birth to adulthood when the child can make personal decisions (Bornstein, 2012). Parenting is detached to the biological relationship because a child can be raised by someone who is not the actual parent. However, the principle caretaker when it comes to parenting is the biological parents, but it can be an older sibling, guardians, or grandparents. Some people choose to be parents while other opts against parenting due to their beliefs and feelings.
Individuals who decide to be parents may be due to the fact they want to start their families. In this case, the lady and gentleman get married, and bare children or they may decide to adopt children according to the law. Some people become parents without making the decision. Some people may have an intimate relationship, and when the lady falls pregnant, they decide to bear the child.
People may opt against becoming parents due to their personal reasons. Some couples may feel not ready for kids and will use the pregnancy controls to ensure they do not have children. Some people may see children as a disturbance in their life, and they will ensure they do not become parents at any cost to preserve their ideologies. A group of people may be infertile such that they cannot have kids, and they may decide not to adopt; hence, remain without children. In addition, some individuals want to avoid child maintenance, and care and they choose not to have kids.
Question Four: Effects of Poverty on the Development of a Child
Children are affected by the environment they are brought up. As kids grow up, they learn from their surroundings, and some may end up having the behaviors they assimilated from their society of growth. Some of the major determinants of the development of a kid are wealth or poverty.
Poverty is experienced all over the world since most of the world population is living in poor conditions and may lack social amenities. Development of kids in poverty-prone areas is negatively influenced. When a child is born in a ghetto or a poor society, there are very high chances of lacking amenities such as health care, good food, and quality education (Yudkin & Yudkin, 2008). The kids grow eating poor diets, and their development may stagnate, or some may have premature deaths. The kids who manage to strive in poverty stricken locations may have poor health and are likely to learn bad characters such as crime. Most of the offenses are associated with poor ghettos, and as the kids grow, they interact with gangs who may influence them into engaging in crime.
Chances of a child growing in a poor society and becoming successful are limited because the people they interact with do not give them a challenge or motivation to be successful (Duncan & Brooks-Gunn, 2000). Some people in poor communities may have the desire to succeed, but it is not met because the learning systems and institutions do not offer quality education. The kids who develop without a good education find it hard to compete in the job markets and end up working in low-level places and industry jobs. As a conclusion, the society in which a child grows, determines its development rate and behaviors.
References
Bornstein, M. (2012). Cultural Approaches to the Parenting. Parenting, 12(2-3), 212-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2012.683359
Duncan, G., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2000). Family Poverty, Welfare Reform, and the Child Development. Child Development, 71(1), 188-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467- 8624.00133
Yudkin, S., & Yudkin, G. (2008). Poverty and Child Development. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 10(5), 569-579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1968.tb02941.x
