According to Gulanick and Myers (2013), the nursing process has been identified as the most appropriate strategy which can be employed in trying to ensure that the most suitable care is provided to a particular individual. Ensuring that the patient gets the best out of the Caregiving process should form the primary objective of any nursing undertaking. Addition studies (de Oliveira et al. 2012; Weber and Kelley, 2013), show carrying out a thorough assessment of a patient is a significant step as it forms the basis of a care plan. Studies by (Papathanasiou et al., 2013; Morrissey, 2016) showed that it is imperative that any caregiving process is done in line with the holistic framework since it ensures that the patient eventually receives care that is centered on the person rather than just solving the medical problems that one goes through. Other studies in the clinical assessment (Ford, 2004; Honea et al., 2008; Potter et al., 2016) define clinical patient assessment as a continuous and systematic process of collecting, validating, organizing and documenting patient information. Furthermore investigations by (Barry and Edgman-Levitan, 2012; Kitson et al., 2013; Coulter et al., 2015) add that the process is crucial in nursing care as it assists the care provider in identifying the concerns and needs of the patient to make sure that individualized care is provided to the patient. According to Dougherty and Lister (2015), the chief objective of conducting an assessment is directed towards making judgments since all the treatments that will be done are in accordance with the information which will have been collected during the assessment process. It is essential to make sure that the assessment being carried out is complete and accurate since the information collected from this process will be employed in the care provision process. Dougherty and Lister (2015) add that if the information collected regarding a particular patient is incomplete or inaccurate, the resulting effect is that the care which the patient will be provided with will be compromised due to chances of wrong diagnosis and treatment.
Conducting patient assessment is key in regards to patient care since it is the initial step towards ensuring customized care is achieved. Munroe et al. (2013), states that the first advantage of this process is that it results in enhanced patient health status. Moreover, other studies (Ancker et al., 2015; Storni, 2015) add that the second reason for conducting patient health assessment is making sure that the potential of a particular chronic condition affecting a certain individual or such a condition being severe is kept on check. This move is essential as it enables persons to have control over their health.
Ford (2004) posit that adequate assessments play a significant role in ensuring that the patient is able to integrate with the community based on the follow-up care which they will be received from their family members. Further research by Potter et al. (2016) identified satisfactory assessment of a patient as being essential in reducing the length of hospital stay and any possible readmission cases. This is possible if a detailed review of all the conditions affecting the patient is done such that any ailments are satisfactorily addressed (It is vital to note that a careful assessment of a patient is aimed at restoring them to their original state of health eventually resulting in positive outcomes for them. Tsai et al. (2015) added that the levels of satisfaction that the patients derive are directly linked with the effectiveness of the clinical care which they were provided with. Such an objective cannot be achieved if no initial thorough assessment is conducted to assess the patient issues which need to be addressed.
As pointed out by documentation Jones, Wolfson and Rowe (Jones et al., 2012; Wolfson and Rowe, 2014), the commonest nursing assessment tool which has been proven to assist in the process of patient assessment is the Functional Health Pattern (FHP) nursing framework which is useful in providing essential information for care planning and. This tool is crucial as far as realizing holistic care is concerned since it takes care of how different components of the human being are linked together. Keum and Kim (2012), identify the biological, sociological, psychological, spiritual and cultural dimensions as being the major components which define the overall wellbeing of a person include. The information contained in this tool is essential in conducting accurate diagnosis about an individual’s condition which eventually results in improved outcomes on the side of the patient. According to Jones et al. (2012), the different components which are used in carrying out assessments using the Functional Health Pattern nursing framework include issues like health perception which is how an individual views their own state of health. Secondly, nutrition and metabolism serves the purpose of determining the food and fluid requirements of the body. If the patient may be having problems with the foods that they take, chances are that their energy levels are likely to be compromised. Wolfson and Rowe (2014, pp. 941-974), posit that the excretory system also plays a crucial role in assessing the needs of an individual. A study by De Vries et al. (2013), specify the fourth point in this tool being the state of exercises and general body activity. Ward et al. (2014) identified the amounts of sleep and rest that one has as determinants in regards to how they solve their levels of fatigue. Furthermore, Tak et al. (2012), stated that a person’s cognitive and perceptual capabilities are also vital components in the FPH nurse assessment model since they determine how one acquires and utilizes information. Moreover, Keum and Kim (2012), insist that how an individual manages their stress is an essential strategy in ensuring that they develop proper tolerance in regards to how they deal with their psychological issues. Another component of this tool is how an individual relates to other persons around them. Any role strains are likely to compromise this function. The reproductive capabilities of an individual whether they are sexually satisfied or not compromise their wellbeing. Lastly, according to Ward et al. (2014), the beliefs and values which a person holds concerning different issues guide the choices they make. As such, the FHP tool is an effective tool in ensuring that complete assessment is done to a patient since it provides a comprehensive framework through which this objective can be achieved.
Romppel et al. (2013) and Stansfeld et al. (2015), acknowledge that the general health questionnaire is another assessment tool which carries out assessments on the possible psychiatric issues amongst members of a population. Kuruppuarachchi et al. (2014) in this study asserts that main areas of focus tool are assessing the abilities of an individual to perform their daily activities, or if there are any evident distressing phenomena. According to Pascual, et al. (2015) The third tool used for health assessment is the Barthel ADL index which conducts measurements on the daily activities which support a person’s living. This tool employs ten variables in the assessment process with higher assessment values indicating that a patient’s degree of independence is high. As such, other studies (Duffy et al., 2013; van Blijswijk et al., 2015), imply in the event that a patient is discharged from the hospital, chances are that they can comfortably continue with their activities with very minimal trouble. Recent studies (Coombs, Crookes and Curtis, 2013; Switzer et al., 2013) depict the Minimal-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tool is used in assessing the cognitive capabilities of an individual. The main areas of focus include language, memory, calculation, orientation, visual construction, and registration. This tool makes use of scores which range from ten to above thirty. Switzer et al. (2013), assert that scores which are less than ten is an indication that the mental capabilities of an individual have been majorly impaired. On the other hand, scores above twenty-seven are usually considered normal thus locking out any possibilities of the patient having been affected by dementia or delirium.
In comparing the Saudi system computerized and United Kingdom assessment tools (I have chosen to use an easy guide to head to toe because it is similar to what we use in Saudi hospital), there are merits and demerits which can be linked with their usage. The two forms in comparisons various research (Bowling, 2014; Portney et al., 2015) provide a detailed plan on which patient information can be recorded to assist in the subsequent process of treatment and care provision. Studies (Ploderer et al., 2014) show the components which have been captured by the two tools serve the purpose of gauging the different levels of wellness of a particular individual. In regards to neurological assessment and work by Vrtis (2008), the Saudi Arabian assessment tool is more comprehensive compared to the UK tool since it takes into account factors like the individual to whom the orientation was done, the place of orientation and the time. In inline with available research in behavior investigation (Schnakers et al., 2013; Pignat et al., 2016), this tool carries out assessments regarding the visual capabilities, motor responses and verbal capabilities of a person. The Saudi Arabian tool uses different terms to assess the severity of a particular condition. In addition, this tool focuses more the signs and symptoms areas which are currently emphasized in the clinical practice as shown in the study (Davis and Richardson, 2015) which is also portrayed by the UK tool. Furthermore, the assessments of the UK tool regarding the neurological status of a patient are not as detailed compared to the Saudi one. In regards to muscle assessments, the Saudi Arabian tool is in line with recent studies (Pozo-Cruz et al., 2012; Sampson, 2015; Maher, 2016) whereby it carries out assessments concerning the different muscles in the body by evaluating their tones, strength, sensation, and tremors. This form of evaluation is essential in determining the amount of weights which an individual can comfortably handle. In terms of pain management, the UK tool checks on the frequency, location, character and the interventions which have been directed at addressing the pain, this is supported research on pain control (Hawkins et al., 2015; Wahlgren et al., 2015) which have emphasize on holistic assessment of the patient. These are good metrics in assessing the pain levels of a patient. Clinical evidence (Vlaeyen et al., 2012; Caudill, 2016) emphasizes when it comes to evaluation of pain, it is essential check the daily life activities which are affected by the pain, the pain levels, issues which worsen or lessen the condition and the different medication which can be employed to address the pain, the Saudi tool, however, provides a more detail in regards to this area. Having a proper understanding of what these issues enables the care providers to plan their care to such patients.
In general, however, the United Kingdom tool is a more inclusive tool in the assessment process as it contains more assessment items compared to the Saudi tool. Secondly, according to (Parks et al., 2012; Park et al., 2013), this tool enables the individual taking the patient information to note down any changes which may occur on them since the cells on which they are supposed to record this information can be edited. This is advantageous when compared with the Saudi tool which is close ended thus limiting the responses which a care provider may record. Furthermore, clinical investigations (Kellermann et al., 2013; Li et al., 2013) have shown that it is critical to store information in digital form to enhance its security, in this regard, the UK form is computerized hence the information safety has been achieved since the data stored is online. According to Coiera (2015), this is advantageous since it minimize the level of paperwork required. Moreover, the UK tool enables assessments to be done after every twenty-four hours with the possibility of editing. In relation to recent studies (Strupp, 2013; Sharma, M., 2016), this makes it possible to track the developments of the patient in regards to their state of health. Therefore, the UK tool is more effective in collecting the health information of a patient compared to the Saudi one. To this effect, current research (Ancker et al., 2015; Storni, 2015) show that a patient who has been assessed using this tool stands a higher chance of achieving improved outcomes, has got lower possibilities of being affected by a chronic condition and is at a better position to achieve customized care which is in line with their needs. The resultant effect is that this patient is likely to achieve higher levels of satisfaction.
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