Resource Curse
Resource curse refers to a country with a wealth of non-renewable resources and hence, experience stagnation in development or even experience economic contraction (Titon par 1). It transpires when a nation starts focusing on one solitary industry such as mining neglecting other major sectors.
Reasons for Its Occurrence, the Most Important and Why
When a country focuses on one sector such as mining and relies on it entirely for their economic developments neglecting other sectors such as agriculture it creates an economic gap. Some of the causes include the Dutch disease, this is the major cause of resource curse, since, naturally non-renewable goods have less competition in the global markets; hence, the exporting country lacks currency manipulation (Titon par 1). Its appreciation damages other sectors causing adverse balance of trade. The imports might become cheaper, and the internal service sectors suffer together with infrastructural developments. Revenue volatility is another case of resource curse because naturally, prices of natural resources fluctuate in the global market, and if the government depends solely on revenue from these resources, it can cause serious economic problems especially in development and debt service. A rapid change in this economic reality causes a widespread termination of contracts, reduction of social programs, hence; lack of trust in the rule of law and support.
Problems That Erupt Due To Presence of Multiple Identities within Country Borders
Several problems often arise within the country borders, especially among those who do not share common ethnicity or religion. These wars have a huge impact on the economic, social, and religious wellbeing of the citizens. One of the problems is insecurity within borderline because there is no trust between these countries and each is under constant security threats (Conflict Analysis par 1). The other problem is slow or complete disruption of economic growth. Most countries that are faced by cross-border problems often have slowed economic growth due to lack of stable economy and lack of investors. The other problem is damage to sectors such as health, environment, education, and transport among others (Conflict Analysis par 1). Damage to these sectors has serious consequences on the economic and social development of a country, hence inducing long-term crisis in that country that might even prevent its growth.
Policies That Countries Might Utilize To Resolve Such Problems and The Most Successful
Some of the long-lasting policies that can be used to solve such problems creating alliances between these countries that touch crucial sectors such as trade, agriculture transport among others. That way these nations will create better trade relations, thus creating interdependence among them. The other solution is to create sections for warfare missions and military funding (Conflict Analysis par 1). When this is done, the government will focus more on reconciliations and peace. This policy has proved successful for several warring countries of the world and the United Nations often implements this policy.
Problems of Population Growth As Explained By Developmental Scholars
Rapid, uncontrolled population growth is often a big challenge to developing countries. Some of the challenges faced include pressure on available resources forcing governments to lend more to meet economic needs, thus accumulating debts considerably (Smit and Smit, Par 2). The other challenge is unemployment caused by lack of jobs and inadequate quality education among the population. Another problem of population growth is increased poverty levels and growth of slums in urban areas that harbor numerous people. There is often increased crime rates and lack of proper sanitation resulting to an outbreak of diseases.
Comparison between China's One Child Policy and Title X
One Child Policy was passed in 2015 in China. The Act restricts couples to having more than one child, except for some ethnic minorities and if the first child born is a girl. In the US, Title X is a program that was enacted under Public Health Service Act, was passed by Congress to provide access to contraceptives to its population, hence controlling population growth (World Watch Institute par 1). The US government does not impose fines to couples who get more children unlike China, but it encourages its population to have few kids. However, in China, a family is heavily fined if it gives birth to the second child. Unlike in China where the government forces people to have one child, the Title X program educates its couples on the importance of small families and use of contraceptives. Just like China, the policy identifies minority groups that require special attention, and in the US, the poor are often given priority to access family planning services (World Watch Institute par 1). The government funds contraceptive services for Title X, unlike China, where family-planning services is a personal initiative. The policy applies to all people in the US, unlike China where the policy targets, specific people.
Works Cited
"Conflict Analysis: Understanding Causes, Unlocking Solutions".Asmeascholars.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 3 Apr. 2016.
"Nine Population Strategies To Stop Short Of 9 Billion | Worldwatch Institute".Worldwatch.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 3 Apr. 2016.
Smit, abhiprerna, and abhiprerna smit. "10 Effective Ways To Control Population - Listcrux". ListCrux. N.p., 2016. Web. 3 Apr. 2016.
Titon, John E. "THE RESOURCE CURSE: CAUSES AND CURES". 2011. Presentation.
"USIP Books: CONFLICT ANALYSIS: Understanding Causes, Unlocking Solutions". Bookstore.usip.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 3 Apr. 2016.
