Phylogenetic family tree is characterized by the lineage through which the present man originated from. The origin of the humans emanated from a single common ancestor through a transition process that culminated into the present man. The tree starts with a common ancestor then branches of to different species as time passed by. The phylogenetic family tree takes the form of evolution where there is a common shared ancestor. The report explores the sequence of events that led to the existence of the modern man (Futuyma 84).
The human evolution forms the basis of origination of all human beings on earth. The family tree is as a result of the human evolution which took place in different stages over a lengthy period of time. The theory of evolution started in Europe with the founding father Charles Darwin. He based his scientific theory on natural selection which has its roots on survival for the fittest .
The genetic comparison of different people can be used to determine their origin. The human family tree has been used in studies to determine the migration patterns of the human race out of Africa. The interrelationships among different human beings can be determined through genetic DNA tests. The genetic composition of people in the same family tree is likely to be similar in some way. DNA tests have been done in different parts of the world to find out if certain people are related or share a common ancestor.
Human evolution forms the basis of origination of all human beings on earth. The family tree is as a result of the human evolution which took different stages over a lengthy period of time. The theory of evolution started in Europe with the founding father Charles Darwin. He based his scientific theory on natural selection which gets its roots on survival for the fittest.
Anthropologists mostly deal with the study of the human fossils found in the different sites where they think humans could have originated from. The early human fossils and the archeological remains provide the clues of the ancient mans’ origin. These include tools used, bones and footprints. They are mainly found on the riverbeds, bare surface or underground. A close examination and study of these fossils help the scientist identify the physical appearances of ancient human beings and the way in which they evolved.
The different characteristics found in human beings like the skin color and the physical appearances are a key focus of the anthropologists. The shape, color, size and markings on the bones could clearly tell the physical appearance and how it changed with time. The study of bones is also used to determine how the brain capacity evolved over time and how the tools used were held. The environment they early human beings are also a key focus of study for the archeologists. As humans evolved they improved every aspect of their lives including means of livelihood to their residential places.
The archeologists study the skeleton remains in archeological sites in order to come up with conclusive research findings that can aid in explaining what exactly caused the variations in human beings given the fact that they all have a common origin. Some of this skeleton has been found in the Nubian site in Sudan Africa .The differences in the ancient man can only be identified through the study of the genetic composition of the fossils and the different evolution determinants. Certain traits in the human race have been seen as a result of varying environmental conditions such as climate as well as geographical factors such as isolation.
According to archeologist, human beings emanated from the ape which is a monkey species with its origin being Africa. The behavioral traits and the physical appearances shared by the human race originated from a primate species, the ape. There were consequential events that led to the present human population. The initial stages were characterized by quadruped primitive beings . For the human beings to start being bipedal it took close to 4 million years. Much of the human evolution took place in Africa. Based on scientific evidence the process was a lengthy one and it is estimated to have taken close to 6 million years.
The modern human being character traits such as use of complex tools like machines, complex brain that has led to great innovation and the language capacity has developed recently. The homeland of the ancient man is seen to have been in Africa. The migration of the early man out of Africa happened later on to other parts of the world like Asia and Europe and Australia.
The evolution process was more biological rather than natural. The early species shared a common habitat and locality. As time went by the appearance of the early man changed from being ape-like and transformed through reproduction to the present man. Evolution occurred through genetic mutation of the DNA. This was used to explain the behavior changes as well as the appearance as this is expresses through the genes of the species. The genetic composition of the species determined their adaption to the environment, some species become extinct as they could not adapt well to the environmental conditions. The genetic characteristics inherited by the offspring’s determined the chances of successful survival. Scientists decode that a high percentage of genes found in apes are also found in human beings.
Evolution did not change the human beings as per say but instead it changes the inherited character traits through growth and development. The adaptive traits that enable survival of the species are passed on from parents to offspring and they are thus shared within a population. Genetic changes influenced the general means of livelihood and even the dwellings.
The ancient man used tools made of stones and bones. Some of these artifacts can be found in different museums all over the world. As humans evolved their brain capacity increased. They began using better specialized tools like arrows and bows. The earliest man used to hunt crude tools . Methods of hunting improved to use of bows and arrows. Domestication of animals and growing of crops marked a different stage in human evolution. The means of communication became more elaborate as did their culture. The brain enlarged and they could be able to manipulate different objects to form great thing.
The ancient man known as Homo sapiens is the only mammal that adapted to being bipedal. The development was clear when physical appearance of fossils of the hominin which was more ape-like were compared with those of the great ape. These differences were observed from the pelvis and the lower limbs.
There has been variation with some scientists arguing that modern human beings are not actual descendants of the ape but they share a common ancestor. Some argue that there are just a few shared characteristics between them which do not real indicate that man actually evolved from an ape. This brings about the missing link of who is the common ancestor? Evolution is culminated by a series of events but the sequence of the same is depicted as very complicated.
The entire process of human evolution has received great criticism especially from religious groups who believe the earth was created by God and so does man. The scientists are condemned for negating the law of nature through their continued research for human origin ( Jurmain 44). However some people have been able to reconcile with the evolutionary theory based on the evidence presented by the research scientists. One thing remains for sure even as different myths try to explain the origin of man-there was a beginning and there world did not form from nowhere and the fact that there is a common ancestor associated with the origin of man. Research continues to be done even to date in order to improve on the previous findings and to gain irrefutable evidence that can prove evolution is actually taking place.
Evolutionary scientists need to prove to the world that actually the homo sapiens or modern man evolved from an ape. Evolution continues to take place even today as humans’ invention and innovation as still going on. The world is becoming more complicated and complex by day in all spheres of life compared to before.
Work Cited
Bradley, James T. "Human evolution in search of an explanation." The Riddled Chain: Chance. Coincidence, and Chaos in Human Evolution 1 October 2001: 1.Print.
Dobzhansky, Theodosius. Mankind evolving: the evolution of the human species. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962.Print.
Douglas J.Futuyma, H. Bradley Shaffer, Daniel Simberloff. Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics. Palo Alto, Calif.: Annual Reviews, 2009.Print.
Howell, F. Clark, François Bourlière. African ecology and human evolution. Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co., 1960.Print.
M.Roberts, Alice. Evolution : the human story. New York: DK Pub, 2011.Print.
Pinhasi, Ron. "The Complete World of Human Evolution." Royal Anthropological Institute (2006): 263.Print
Robert Jurmain, Lynn Kilgore, Wenda R. Trevathan. Essentials of Physical Anthropology. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2008.Print.
Sagan, Carl. The dragons of Eden : speculations on the evolution of human intelligence. New York: Random House, 1977.Print.
steel, James. "Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution. (book reviews)." Antiquity (1990): 1.Print.
Washburn, S. L. Classification and human evolution. Chicago: Aldine Pub, 1963.Print.
