The concept of security is ambiguous. Typically, security involves the protection from external military threats or risks to the state from another state, as well as protection against internal military threats from non-state actors. In recent decades the traditional concept of security downlos other concepts that have expanded the nature of possible threats (joined military threats the threat of terrorism, organized crime and diseases, combined with economic, political, social, and environmental risks), respectively, revised the list of threats, in particular for security at the global, national and individual levels.
A broader concept of security requires a comprehensive approach to combating the various threats that involve the identification of relationships between threats and humanitarian aspects. A comprehensive analysis of risks and threats will allow to develop a compromise approach to security at different levels. Thus, if the ultimate goal of human security (as one of the priorities of modern society) is to prevent premature death and incapacity of the person, the strategy of any state should be aimed at reducing the risks that cause them.
Since we are most interested in the biomedical aspect of security, we would consider threats to human security that arise from the use of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons. The system of arms control and ratsbane usually considered threats from government programs of measures to prevent use of these weapons. Since states have different interpretation of work of offensive and defensive nature, there is still a risk of offensive use of these weapons under the guise of so-called protective or defensive research programs, including programs on peacekeeping and combating terrorism. The problem of determining the differences between offensive and defensive prevention use of these weapons hinder the implementation of effective supervision of research (SIPRI Yearbook: World Armament and Disarmament, 2010).
This question became especially important for humanity after the terrorist attacks in the USA on 11 September 2001. Analysts indicate the great importance to the development of risk scenarios with the participation of non-state actors. In the absence of effective security (particularly biosafety) extension a network of research in the field of preparedness for response to biological threats can also pose a threat. The increase in the number of laboratories with a high level of protection and expand the range of the investigated pathogens contribute to the spread of potentially sensitive data and knowledge. This complicates the algorithm for the treatment of biological and chemical substances of double appointment.
In recent years, the international community had invested considerable efforts to analyze the effectiveness of the enforcement of national legislation, codes of conduct and ethics, disease surveillance and response, biosecurity and biosafety.
I believe that to reduce the risks associated with the use of biological agents, each country individually and the world community as a whole needs to create an effective system of control over the facilities where work with infectious diseases, scientific research in the field of "synthetic biology" and the like. It is lso advisable to develop and apply uniform standards that reglamentary rules for the transfer of biological material or of biotechnology in the country and outside; special attention should be paid to the question of liability of the parties, organizations, or individuals for the use of scientific achievements in inhumane purposes. It is worth noting that considerable attention must be directed to the proper level of protection in the study and practical application of the technology and equipment of dual use, as well as the scientific information obtained in conducting research in biology, medicine, biotechnology etc.
An important aspect of Biosafety is the introduction and support of inter-institutional cooperation, including between law enforcement agencies and health authorities, as well as promoting the investigation of the country's leadership, especially in the case of deliberate use of biological agents. I would also like to say that promising and necessary direction in national and international planning in the area of preparedness to respond to biological threats may be of microbial forensics.
References
SIPRI Yearbook: World Armament and Disarmament. (2010). New York.
