Polarizing Microscopy Can Identify Birefringent Substances. Biology Assignment To Use For Practical Writing Help

Body Fluids

Some parameters of urine “macroscopic” examination are quantity, color, clarity and cloudiness. Some of the constituents that might be observed in a urine “microscopic” examination are epithelial cells, crystals, bacteria or yeast and protozoan casts.
Three conditions that can occur prior to a specimen being poured into a centrifuge tube that can produce false-negative microscopic results are the use of an old, unpreserved specimen, failure to mix the specimen and an amorphous precipitation.
For the overall evaluation of the sediment and the detection and quantity of casts, the magnification that should be used is 100x. On the other hand a 400X magnification is used for the identification of sediment constituents and quantitation of cells.
Three errors that may result in significant sediment constituents not being observed are the failure to mix the specimen, failure to examine the sediment under reduced light and the vigorous mixing of the specimen which will agitate it.
Casts are routinely reported as the average per 10 low power field (lpf), while RBCs and WBCs are reported as the average per 10 high power field (hpf).
One way of enhancing nuclear details is by adding two per cent of acetic acid on the sediment. Another method is through the staining technique which uses 0.5 per cent toluidine blue. With regards to detecting lipids, one method that can be done is the solvent extraction. Another way is through nonsolvent liquid extraction method.
The total magnification of the specimen is 400X. At this magnification, the two elements that can be found in a urine specimen are the RBCs and WBCs.

Works Cited

Nabili, Siamak N. "Urinalysis (Urine test)." 30 April 2015. MedicineNet.com. Web. 27 May 2016.
Quizlet Inc. "MLT 112: Chapter 6." 2016. quizlet.com. Web. 27 May 2016.
Strasinger, Susan King and Marjorie Schaub Di Lorenzo. "Chapter 6: Microscopic examination of urine." Strasinger, Susan King and Marjorie Schaub Di Lorenzo. Urinalysis and Body Fluids. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company, 2014. 104. Print. 27 May 2016.