English
Preparing for an earthquake is an important phenomenon that everyone should be aware of in order to save lives. Earthquakes are one of the most frightening natural calamities that carry destructive aftereffects (Schaefer-Jones 31). It is a sudden movement of the earth that is being caused by sudden release of strain that has been accumulated over a long period of time. This causes a sudden slipping or movement on the crust of the earth that is accompanied by a series of vibrations. There are also instances when aftershocks are felt during the earthquake. There are steps that should be followed before, during and after an earthquake.
Before an earthquake, the best precautionary measure is to make sure that there are available supplies. Some of the most important tools that might be helpful during earthquakes are: safety shoes, heavy gloves, a crowbar that can be used to open doors that are jammed, a pipe wrench and a crescent wrench to be used to turn off gas and water tanks (Jackson 13). Some of the items that can be helpful are paper plates, plastic spoons, forks and knives, medicines, extra blankets, sleeping beds, baby food, diapers and food for the pets. The main supplies that have to be stored are clothes, water, food, first-aid kit, flashlight with extra batteries, canned goods and can opener. The supplies can be placed inside the car. It is important to store enough water supply for the family in the event that the earthquake causes severe damage.
When earthquakes happen, there are steps that have to be followed to reduce damage and injury. Some of the security measures shall include the following: Putting latches on the cabinet doors to keep the dishes and kitchen ware inside the cupboards. It is best to look for hazards inside the house and to fix the exposure to damage. This can be prevented by making sure that all shelves are fastened on the wall. It is best to put the breakable items such as vases, glasses and bottles are inside the cabinet. Bookcases, refrigerators and water heaters must be fixed on the walls (Jackson 14). The heavy picture frames, mirrors and fixtures should be hung from couches and beds where a person can sit. These heavy objects should not be stored on high places where they can fall and injure a person. Flammable substances such as paints and cleaning fluids must be safely placed on lower shelves. It is also best to evaluate the gas connection, appliances and electrical wiring if these items need to be repaired. The overhead light fixtures should be securely fastened on the ceiling to prevent them from falling. The beds must not be placed under the window or below the shelves where many books are contained to prevent injury. It is also advisable to choose a friend or a relative who is living in another state as the contact person of the family during times of natural disasters such as earthquakes. This will help the family send messages to each other in the event that the earthquake has affected the communication systems (Jackson 14). It is also advisable to conduct a few earthquake drills as part of the preparation of the whole family.
The following steps should be followed during an actual earthquake occurs inside the home. The first step is to look for a cover under a strong table, bench or desk. It is not advisable to run outside since it is more dangerous to be near outer walls of buildings. It is essential to maintain a presence of mind by keeping calm. In the event that any person is inside a tall building, never use the elevators and stay in place to avoid any falling objects. If possible, it is vital to cover the neck with a pillow or a book. It is important to remember to stay away from mirrors, windows and glasses. If the person is inside a crowded place, remember not to rush towards the door (Jackson 14).
If the earthquake takes place in schools, students should remember to get under the desk and to face away from the windows. If inside the playgrounds, it is important to remember to keep away from the buildings. If inside a moving bus, it is necessary to stay on the designated seat until the driver stops the vehicle. Get in touch with teachers and adults if possible.
In the event that the earthquake occurred while you are outside, is best to transfer to open area away from power posts, trees and buildings. While inside the case, it is recommended to stay in the car until the shaking will stop. It is important to remember not to park under an overpass. When the power lines fall on the car that you are driving, make sure that you do not touch anything made of metal inside the car and wait for the rescue team.
After the earthquake, make sure to turn off the main valve of water and gas. Make sure that you do not use candles and matches or other open flames after an earthquake. Close the switch at the main electric fuse box. It is best to follow these precautionary measures to avoid possible dangers that may arise during an earthquake.
Works Cited:
Jackson, Ellen. Earthquake Safety. Utah: Horizon Publishers, 1991. Print.
Palm, Risa and Hodgson, Michael E. After a California Earthquake: Attitude and
Behavior Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Print.
Schaefer-Jones, James. Preparing for the Worst: A Comprehensive Guide to Protecting
