Maps: (image 5)
The maps are to be taken while the research projects and for the reason of certain places of the human beings and civilizations. These are believed to be the main source of information as these were created under particular conditions and the cultures. The maps are made under specific factors, weather and the perceptions; these are gathered by the historians as needed by the researchers. Maps are used for the understanding of the situation at a particular point of time and under particular conditions and polishes. The maps are the grounds and the first hand knowledge of the person who possesses the direct nexus with the place, eye witnesses and the participants who is constructing the record of some peculiar spaces and conditions. Maps are the representation of the topographic points and areas in visual shape, which spotlights the places, objects and regions of it. Maps are a very old source of information as they are being utilized from the ancient times. The most widely used maps are of a geographic nature which represents the geographic conditions and the elements of territories of certain homes and areas. Although maps provide very little information about the writer and his/her underlying purpose, but it gives us clear insight about the situation and the conditions.
The earliest maps which are created were the maps of the heaven, not of the world. These were the carvings along the rocks, skin, bones and cave paintings. These maps were figurative, which were being used to indicate the location of the resources. The pictographs were carvings on rocks and in the caves, as human beings used to live close to the nature. The maps were used to indicate the location of the resources and the hunting games and the courses. The primary ingredients which led the human organism to create maps were to indicate the paths and the seats. It is difficult to see who created the first map as the maps were only the stone and cave carving in ancient times and the people craved the paths of their seats in the caves. By the time, the creation of maps developed and started to be practiced almost everywhere in the world for different programs.
Diaries and memoirs: ( image 4)
The diaries and memoirs are the sources of information which are written and provided by the people to bring out their opinion and minds. The data acquired can also include the information about the events, conditions, individuals and the situations of the past year. The masses of the past wrote the diaries about their personal life and experience, and the situations, consequences and people around them. These journals are the main source of info about the author and of past events for the students of history and political skill and the researchers. Writers of the diaries can portray the cases and situations according to his perspective or the view of the company as a whole, whatever path chosen by the author will be the source of information for the scholars. The flaw of information acquired by the diaries is that the writer may possess a personal stake in depicting the consequences and experiences in a particular manner. The earliest diary which is believed to be the first diary was written by the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius in the 2nd C AD. The oldest diaries can also be followed in the Middle East and East Asian cultures, of Japanese court ladies which were composed in the 9th century and the Arabic diaries in the 10th C.
The memoirs are the source of information that consists of the personal experiences and the personal viewpoints or the personal insight of the issues as they happen. The memoirs are the source which provides the insight to the past events and the experiences of the masses as these are based on the personal experiences of the past. The memoirs are the main sources of data for the researchers and the historians; these are generally found in handwritten form and can consist of a mortal or the household. It can be supposed that the weakness of memoirs is the fact that the memoir can be faulty and piece of creative writing of the author. Memoirs are being penned from the ancient times, the earliest memoir written by the Julius Caesar known as the Commentaries was the work which described the outcomes of the Garlic wars. The Libanius teacher’s memoir was written in 49 BC, which is the description of the civil warfare against the Gnaeus Pompeius.
Legal documents and statistics of the government: (image 1)
The governments of the States of the world create the loads of information which can be taken sooner or later. The documents of the government and the legal documents that are retained for the record are the elemental source of data for the inquiry about the policies, actions and affairs of the government. The documents of the government include the regulations and laws, treaties, legislative policies, records of government funds and the expenditures, scientific data, investigative reports and the engagement of all government actions. The info and the data of the government and the legislative bodies can in many forms such as volumes, online database and the maps. This character of information preserved by the government and legislative bodies is the main source of info for scholars of political science, history and the researchers. The policies, laws and the plans created by the regime can be approached for the researcher in society to utilize the data for research and analysis of the past policies and laws of the regime. These documents are sometimes used for the researchers and students in published form at the expenses of the government and made available in separate departments and the libraries.
Government documents are the unique primary sources for any research regarding the government policies, actions and functions. The data and data about the government and legal philosophies and policies are published by the government, as necessitated by the researchers and the common public. The documents and the books consist of the government policies and the functions not of the political parties and the legislative groups and data about their internal affair.
The aggregation of the valuable information and data can be helpful for the governments to establish policies and designs for the hereafter. The analysis of past policies and facts about their success or failure are the main source which can be helpful while creating policies for the government and also for the analysts who are responsible to study and criticize the policies, functions and activities of the government and legislative bodies.
Artistic works: (image 3)
Artistic works include the paintings, music, pictorial artwork, photographs, sculpture, and many more. The art works are the singular and primary source of information, which provides the information about the cultures and the hypotheses of the particular culture around the artistic works. All these forms of artistic works are the source of collecting information about the culture, the history of civilization, the traditions, and particular techniques of art works, advancement, and the nature of art works. The art works of the individuals and the cultures are the valuable source of information for the researchers and for the students of arts who are interested in gathering and utilizing the information close to the art works of the yesteryear.
The artistic works of the past can be utilized by the researchers and analysts to study the tone and behaviors of the art industrial plant and people connected to the artistic works of certain communities and groups of masses. The ways and standard of livelihood in a certain community or the country can trace by the art works such as paintings, taste of music and the carvings. The icons, melodic instruments, historical recordings, books, such as novels and literature base material also reflects the culture of particular countries and communities. These expose the information about the production and execution of the music, traditions and the style of living of the masses. The artistic works being the chief origin of information, provides the insight about the masses, how they lived and how they managed to survive.
The history of artistry and artistic works can be drawn backward to the fourth dimension of existence of human existence on the ground, as the first human being came into existence, and the techniques of the graphics and artistic works started to evolve by the time. As the human being developed with the passage of time his sense of artistic creation and art works developed, but classify the distinctive cultures and periods of time.
News or transcripts: (image 2)
The news in written form and in oral form such as the broadcast of bulletins on TV and radio are the primary or primary source of information for the public, journalists, researchers and the analysts. News and transcripts which are to be applied by the analysts to dissect the current events and the past issues, events and proceedings of the nations and international consultations. The intelligence about the current events and the events going on all around and at international level are the basic source of information around the world for the public, pupils, researchers, historians and political personnel. This type of information is easily available for the public as the papers and news channels are the inexpensive source of information for everyone. The bulletins which are diffused on the TV and radio can be utilized by anyone who wants to collect the information about the universe. The observers and the participants of the events can take the advantage of information available in the form of intelligence. The compositions and analysis of the results as they occurred are the principal source of information about the environment.
The info about the news and about the politics, sports, business, weather, natural disasters, technology and health, happenings in the world, policies made by the governments, social issues and many more are delivered to the masses through printing the paper and the TV. The information can be false as the channels and news agencies can be biased and portray the wrong information about the issues and occurrences in the cosmos.
In ancient Europe the announcement around the government policies was to be made public by carvings of forest and of metal and place these in public positions. Early word was delivered by the Tang Dynasty in China printed on the piece of silk cloth and read by the government officials in 1734.
Reference:
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- Mitty, Jennifer A., Lauri B. Bazerman, Kyra Selwyn, Curt G. Beckwith, Nickolas D. Zaller, and Josiah D. Rich. "Decrease in the proportion of injection drug use-related HIV/AIDS in Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island." The AIDS reader 18, no. 12 (2008): 596.
- Sandin, Per. "Dimensions of the precautionary principle." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 5, no. 5 (1999): 889-907.
- Johnson, Kenneth S., Francisco P. Chavez, and Gernot E. Friederich. "Continental-shelf sediment as a primary source of iron for coastal phytoplankton." Nature 398, no. 6729 (1999): 697-700.
- Sheley, Joseph F., and Cindy D. Ashkins. "Crime, crime news, and crime views." Public Opinion Quarterly 45, no. 4 (1981): 492-506.
