During the second week, the CRP analysis was performed in the class. Blood testing for C-reactive protein aids in the rapid identification and verification of the progress and effectiveness of the treatment of infections, injuries and inflammation. The analysis was conducted to determine the acute infectious diseases, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases (amyloidosis), monitor the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment (pneumonia, septicemia, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, etc.) (Arinzon Z. et al., 2011, p.365).
In addition, it helps to define the determination of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis, diabetes but also on chronic hemodialysis and determination autoimmune diseases (the process for determining the potency and efficacy of therapy) (Lubell Y. et al., 2015). As for the leader of the group, it was necessary to ensure that all procedures were performed correctly. Blood from a vein was taken from a patient and then analyzed to identify the level of C-reactive protein in the blood.
As a result, not all the samples showed normal level of CRP. Among healthy individuals, in the blood serum, there is C-reactive protein in very small quantities. In several cases, it was revealed an increased protein content, which indicated a systemic rheumatic disease, as well as the possibility of a bacterial infection among some patients. It is important not to allow the patient to experience discomfort during the procedure.
On the fourth week, ampicillian sulbactam in 100 mls saline bag using the pump was performed. This is bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotic, acid -fast one. It blocks the synthesis of peptidoglycan cell wall of microorganisms (Lorenzen J.M, 2012, p.386). The active principle is ampicillin - a semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic with broad-spectrum beta-lactamases collapsing. The second component (sulbactam), not having antibacterial activity, inhibits beta-lactamases and thereby acquires the ability to ampicillin act on resistant (beta-lactamase-producing) strains (Kang M.A., and Kang J.S., 2012, p.462).
It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. It is necessary to determine the dose of drugs carefully and provide the patient with a painless procedure. Bacterial infections of bones and joints caused by susceptible pathogens, was identified and the introduction of the drug was produced. To achieve the desired result, the drug is injected 3-4 times per day. Side effects were not revealed.
At the tenth week of transfusion reactions and transfusion of blood products were considered. When transfusion it is necessary to prepare the patient for the procedure, and then observe the patient (Sharma S., Poonam S., Tyler L.N., 2011, p.721). Obligatory actions of blood transfusion are to determine the blood group and Rh factor of the patient; blood type and Rh factor of the donor; production sample of individual blood compatibility by AB0 system; production sample of individual blood compatibility Rh system; and biological samples.
As a result, the lack of response in a patient after triple test is the basis for the continuation of transfusions (Yaddanapudi S., and Yaddanapudi L.N., 2014, p.540). In the case of clinical signs of reaction to the transfusion of blood and its components behavior of the patient becomes restless, he has a feeling of chills or fever, chest tightness, back pain, abdominal head. In this case, decrease in blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, the appearance of pallor, and then - cyanosis face can be observed. If a patient experiences any of the symptoms described by the reaction to the transfusion of blood or blood component transfusion should be discontinued immediately. The nurse should be able to identify any adverse reactions and help the patient in time.
During the training was an important aspect of interaction and communication with patients' families. It was necessary to learn to do it correctly. Nursing and health care - are two important but different areas of nursing. The nurse should perform different actions in order to help the family or the parents of the patient to adapt psychologically to the situation. A particularly important function of the nurse is to work with relatives of the dying patient.
A nurse must have the knowledge, skills and abilities in the scope of palliative care, which allows the dying and their families to alleviate the suffering. A nurse should give emotional support to the family of died person. A nurse must feel when a patient needs the support of their loved ones, or when the news related to the state of a patient should inform the family so as not to cause a negative reaction on the part of relatives (Loghmani, L. Borhani, F., and Abbaszadeh, A., 2014, p.69). For the family, nurse is a close link between a person and medicine, a person who will help them understand what is happening to their relatives, and to help if the need arises. The disease can be a great threat to the security meet the needs of both the patient and for his family.
Severe stress, which occurs as a result of illness and hospitalization, can affect the safety and security as well as the typical life schedule is disrupted, interrupted, lost its independence (Adams, J.A., Bailey Jr., D.E., Anderson, R.A., and Docherty, S.L., 2011, p.13). The reactions of the patient in this regard are very high and may include anger, irritability, irritability or depression. Therefore, the nurse, considering these details, should be able to influence the patient through his family and vice versa, resulting in the maximum effect of the treatment. It is professional learning experience allows to explore all the nuances of patient care and to act correctly in any difficult situation in the future.
References
Adams, J.A., Bailey Jr., D.E., Anderson, R.A., and Docherty, S.L. (2011). Nursing Roles and Strategies in End-of-Life Decision Making in Acute Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nursing Research and Practice.
Kang, M.A., and Kang, J.S. (2012). Stability Test of Ampicillin Sodium Solutions in the Accufuser Elastomeric Infusion Device Using HPLC-UV Method. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 3, 462-467. Retrieved from: http://file.scirp.org/pdf/PP20120400001_80316842.pdf
Loghmani, L. Borhani, F., and Abbaszadeh, A. (2014). Factors Affecting the Nurse- Patients’ Family Communication in Intensive Care Unit of Kerman: a Qualitative Study. J Caring Sci., 3(1): 67–82.
Lorenzen, J.M., Broll, M., Kaever, V., Burhenne, H., Hafer, C., Clajus, C., Knitsch, W., Burkhardt, O., and Kielstein, J.T. (2012). Pharmacokinetics of Ampicillin/Sulbactam in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury undergoing Extended Dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 7(3): 385–390.
Lubell, Y., Blacksell, S.D., Dunachie, S., Tanganuchitcharnchai, A., Althaus, T., Watthanaworawit, W., Paris, D.H., Mayxay, M., Peto, T.J., Dondorp, A.M., White, N.J., Day, N.P.J., Nosten, F., Newton, P.N. and Turner, P. (2015). Performance of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin to distinguish viral from bacterial and malarial causes of fever in Southeast Asia. BMC Infectious Diseases. Retrieved from: http://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-015-1272-6 Arinzon, Z., Peisakh, A., Schrire, S., Berner, Y. (2011). C-reactive protein (CRP): an important diagnostic and prognostic tool in nursing-home-associated pneumonia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 53(3):364-9.
Sharma, S., Poonam, S., Tyler, L.N. (2011). Transfusion of Blood and Blood Products: Indications and Complications. Am Fam Physician, 83(6):719-724.
Yaddanapudi, S., and Yaddanapudi, L.N. (2014). Indications for Blood and Blood Product Transfusion. Indian J Anaesth, 58(5): 538–542.
