Communication 2513: Writing for the Discipline
Thesis Statement: How have African American Men progressed over the years in the Field of Education relative to their counterparts in other races?
Research Questions:
- What has been the progression of African American men in the Field of education over the years?
- Compared to their counterparts in other races, have African American men improved or gotten worse as far as the field of education is concerned?
- What is the duty of both the private and public sectors, and other stakeholders in improving the education of African American men?
- Apart from crime, what else plays as a deterrent to the education of African American men?
Main Points: (These are points based on available knowledge and experience, in addition, to the current statistics which are widely available both in hard and soft copy)
History of the African American men in the Field of Education andthe data that has been used.
Rationale:
The History of African American Males in the education sector has provided a number of students and lectures a great deal of study reason. Dogged by constant criticism an lack of goodwill, most African American men end up in crime related engagements. In the past ten years, a lot of attention has been directed on the minimal college dropouts and trend which show a low matriculation and achievement attributions in this subject. Attrition rates among individual male graduates (Byrne, 2006; cuyjet, 2006, 2008) have also been of grave concern. While very many of conversations on this issue are based on unfinished or unreliable reports, there are a number of studies which have been done empirically and have gone ahead to show that achievements and enrollments have been very problematic among this population of Americans. For instance, (Morrow 1973) actuates that 67.6% of all African American men that commence college or university graduate after six years. This in the actual sense is the very worst case of completion rates among the entire race in the United States. Although these challenges persist, the institution type poses a great reason for this.
Milner, Richard H. "Black teachers, Black students, Black communities and Brown: Perspectives and Insights from Experts." The Journal of Negro Education 73, no. 3 (2004): 285-297. Accessed October 7, 2013.
This article majorly deals with the history of black activism over the years. It also touches on higher black male education in 1954. In addition, it examines how Black Power era with the student activists set policies and programs in predominantly white universities and colleges. To add to this, it states how departments, centers for black culture and support services for the black academic giants and African American unions were set though most of them were illegal. Finally, it describes how the black community redefined what the white scholars had previously called “success” in the academic institutions. This of course brought perceptions that shifted what the white world referred to as the “Negro” or “black”. This is because the black students merged academic notion s of excellence and that with social justice to bring to the fore understandings of their new responsibilities and roles.
Now, I intend to use the information in the above article to answer the research questions and develop an alternative hypothesis. In addition, the data will provide a suitable source of information not only for the problem statement and development, but also to do a reliable research for the paper. This will add to the already existing shelves of books and reports about African American Males in the educational Field.
"The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education."Winter 2009/2010 66 46-56. Accessed October 7, 2013.
This article gives a data and information about both male and female African Americans in their pursuit for college and university education. It gives statistics on the highest ever enrollment in Black academic history. In retrospect, it says that over two million African American enrolled in colleges, universities and community colleges in the United States. This article also gives the gains in economic terms that are associated with the completion of a four year degree. It goes further to give data and even draws a graph to support the claim. For instance, it gives comparison in a ten year study between 1990 and 2009. This data shows that in 1990, only twenty eight percent of African American graduated from the university. In comparison, about fifty percent did in 2009.
The most important data perhaps is the findings by the United States census data which actuates that all African Americans that finish a university degree earn a middle income. That is to say that what they earn is almost at par with what an educated white on similar ground earns. Nevertheless, the article goes on further to state that though most African Americans finish their university degrees, their completion rates in colleges are relatively low. Thus, most end up not getting that diploma.
I intend to use this information to answer my third and fourth research question. This will enable my research paper to have answered the last part of the queries. My report will consequently use this data to develop its own graph and deduce its own findings using the information and data available. My literature review will consequently have this empirical literature.
Williamson, Joy A. "Preparing Students for the New Millenium: Exploring Factors That Contribute to the Successful Education of African American Students (Winter, 1999)." The Journal of Negro Education 68, no. 1 (1999): 92-105.
This article was written in 1960 by the professor of Stanford University. It was influenced by the emergence of Black Power movement in the United States. It contains information about how African Americans, mostly males struggled to gain recognition in the predominantly white universities and colleges. Systems of support for the minority blacks were developed to protect their rights and enable the have better access to institutions of higher education.
I intend to use this information to show how African Americans struggled to gain recognition in the 1960s and ears after. To add to that I intend to use this article to show that long before the emergence of Black power, African Americans had known the value of literacy. Though there was a lot of racial segregation, some few institutions recognized the value of giving blacks a chance to study (Watkins 1993). Finally, I will use this information to discuss the postbellum era and use to show how blacks, thou were denied the chance for education, pursued to be allowed equal opportunities ad rights like the whites.
Garibaldi, Antoine M. "Celebrating the Legacy of “The Journal”: 75 Years of Facilitating Excellence in Black Education (Summer, 2007), pp. 324-333." The Journal of Negro Education 76, no. 3 (2007): 324-33.
The article is about the educational status of the African males especially in the 21st century. This particular assess the achievements that the African American males made in their educational endeavors. It considers the African Americans of between the 1990s and 2000s. Starting with a summary of a study conducted an author writing about African American males, data is assessed collected from various parts of American concerning the African American as their educational trends are critically analyzed. The from the study shows that in all higher learning centers there exists an increasing educational discrepancybetween the African American women and men. This is the same scenario in the public and private black colleges as well as University. Finally, the author of the study makes recommendations for improvement of enrollment, performance as well as graduation rates for the African American males so as to end the existing gender rift in the educational institutions.
This article will help in development of the topic research of this paper. The national data on the educational disparity between African American women men will aid in the understanding of the need to encourage the progression of African American men in the educational field. This article will consequently provide this data to develop its own graph and deduce its own findings using the information and data available. My literature review will consequently have this empirical literature. Lastly, I will use this information to discuss the postbellum era and use to show how blacks, thou were denied the chance for education, pursued to be allowed equal opportunities indicating how the African American men propagated educational equality in society.
Harper , Shaun R., and Marybeth Gasman. "The Journal of Negro Education (Fall, 2008)." Journal of Negro Education 77, no. 4 (2008): 336-351. Accessed October 7, 2013.
This journal considers previous researches about Colleges and Universities that were exclusively for African Americans and adds supportive findings about them. It brings attention to politics that were conservative at these universities that were exclusively for black men and women. In addition, insight is gathered on the black press for more freedoms and rights in these universities. In addition, it asks whether these universities and colleges played a pivotal role in the emancipation of African American males in their push for recognition.
This article will be used to highlight on the fact that there were colleges and universities that were exclusively for Black men and women. Even though African American women were allowed to attend the, only a handful did. This because most women were still conservative. I will also use this article to gather enough information to see how racial segregation played a pivotal role in the emancipation of African American men in the Educational Field.
Toldson, Ivory A., Rikesha L. Brown , and Ryan M. Sutton. "Academic Success for School-age Black Males (Summer, 2009)." The Journal of Negro Education 78, no. 3 (2009): 195-203. Accessed October 7, 2013.
This article is about high school aged African American children. It concentrates in the attainment of opportunities for black children and their historical significance. It actuates on whether buildings, books, bus transportation, extension of school terms were available for Black high school children and whether they had any effects on their well-being. To add to that, it states the problems of these kids in their fervent pursuant of high school education.
In contrast to most of the articles that have been highlighted above, this one is going to deal with only high school grades and the African American dream of attaining a high school diploma. It will also be used to demystify the long held notion that historically, black children were moe interested in crime and other social ills than how they wereinterested in learning. This article deals exclusively with African American low graders.
Bibliography
Garibaldi, Antoine M. "Celebrating the Legacy of “The Journal”: 75 Years of Facilitating Excellence in Black Education (Summer, 2007), pp. 324-333." The Journal of Negro Education 76, no. 3 (2007): 324-33.
Harper , Shaun R., and Marybeth Gasman. "The Journal of Negro Education (Fall, 2008)." Journal of Negro Education 77, no. 4 (2008): 336-351. Accessed October 7, 2013.
"The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education."Winter 2009/2010 66 46-56. Accessed October 7, 2013.
Milner, Richard H. "Black teachers, Black students, Black communities and Brown: Perspectives and Insights from Experts." The Journal of Negro Education 73, no. 3 (2004): 285-297. Accessed October 7, 2013.
Toldson, Ivory A., Rikesha L. Brown , and Ryan M. Sutton. "Academic Success for School-age Black Males (Summer, 2009)." The Journal of Negro Education 78, no. 3 (2009): 195-203. Accessed October 7, 2013.
Williamson, Joy A. "Preparing Students for the New Millenium: Exploring Factors That Contribute to the Successful Education of African American Students (Winter, 1999)." The Journal of Negro Education 68, no. 1 (1999): 92-105.
