In fourth chapter of this book, the author explores the relationship between loyalties to nation, religion, and empire so that there would be a better understanding of the synchronized pulls of nationalism and universalism (32). Analyzing the context of the chapter provides the definition of the author’s main argument. The author agrees to argument that the Indian and Chinese finance and trade activities stretching from Singapore to Zanzibar formed a very distinct system and identity that was sustained despite the larger influence of the dominant Western system. On the other hand, the perceived changes within the formed international system and identity were geared more towards the administrative domain. The author identified the specific principles of unity integrated into the level of culture and economy in an age where the global set of interconnections subsequently dominated by the West.
While in fifth chapter that tells us about the Expatriate Patriots: Anticolonial Imagination and Action (149), Sugata Bose expands the themes, taking what may otherwise be seen imitative stories in relation to the patriotism’s opposing strands in which was portrayed by Mohandas Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose, National Army leader of India, as well as cunningly reorganizing them using the only rubric of expatriate patriotism or diaspora. In this event, Bose investigates how the Indian expatriates were able to realize their Indian-ness right after they left the Indian shore. Thus, he wants us to investigate and explore mobile in contrast to being more rooted territorially in the aspects anticolonial politics of India by exploring how migrant communities in Asia and South Africa, fighting for sovereignty of their imaginary homeland, which helped defining and shaping the Indian nationality (33, 149-150).
Chapter four, it is agreeable why the Indian soldier’s divided loyalties became one solid belief as the World Wars one and two gave an unforgettable experience that will wake up the soldier’s nationalism. The war had them realized that they are dependants to one another as they belong to the same root. For chapter five, Bose’s claim about Indians having realized their Indian-ness is a good and ideal representation of being what they are as an Indian. Fighting for freedom would really help not only Indians to redefine their nationality, but it must also be applied to every race.
References
Bose, S. (2006). A hundred horizons: The Indian Ocean in the age of global empire. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
