Brazil has seen the change in the rule from the monarchy to democracy. It had its leadership under Emperors before it changed to democracy. The first system never gave the people the right to vote for their favorite leader while democracy gave them that right. The discussion looks at history in the change from the civil society to democracy and the groups that occupied Brazil in history. Then it would cover the reforms, the achievement of this transition.
The Brazilian monarch system reigned in 19th century under the leadership of various kings. The greatest challenge is that, in many cases, absolute monarchs tend to be excessive and limited because they do not give other people within the society an opportunity to express their thoughts (Levine 54). From the reign of Pedro, I to the reign of Pedro II and Joao VI in 10TH March 1826 Brazil has undergone a period of dictatorship and civil society. This monarchy had the leadership of the King who was above everything and was the controller of the entire decision making and other missions in the parliament. For instance Joao, the VI held all power by himself as the head of the state as well as the government. His empire reigned between 15th November 1825 and 10th March 1826. The monarchy system in Brazil faced a number of problems including control of the economy, trade and other relevant issues affecting the people. Monarchy brought a system of dictatorship in Brazil before the Silva emerged. The power was controlled by the king only that the reason why the rule of law was set by the emperor of the state. The U.S had its forces over civil society in Brazil formulating ways to overthrow the empire.
There was a struggle of democratization through the introduction of collective actors as well as various public involvements as opposed to the system of one rule by the emperor. These rules were fighting for new management through improvised neighborhood associations, feminist movement, reform in trade union organizations and also NGOs advocating on social justice as well as civil rights being part of the new universe (Levine 65). This happened in a period around 1980’s. The transition was run around 1970’s as scholars conducted investigations in the transition change to Latin America.
The era between 1964 and 1985 remained as the periods when the military ruled Brazil. This gave a period of transition which saw mi9litary opposition as the country faced transition from civil society to democracy. After the coup attempt in 1970, Brazil managed to achieve a multi-patriotism system where two parties were allowed to rule. However, the system of democracy did not work properly and had its shortcomings. For instance, at the end of 1980s towards the beginning of 1990s, there were dissimilar practices in this system. First, the first elected president by the people was considered murdered in 1985. This was followed by a series of corruption within the government.
History of Brazilian population began from the entering of Africans who were mostly Bantus, Portuguese and Latin Americans who dominated the land. The presence of Bantus represented the slaves who entered the territory. Later Italians, Spanish, Germans, Japanese would enter the Brazilian land as a result of immigration. Before the entry of Portuguese in 1500, the population consisted of Amerindians. The population increased after the discovery of Diamonds in Brazil in 18th century. Most of the immigrant traded slaves and the others were interested with minerals like diamond which had just been discovered in the country. The Portuguese were interested in colonizing the country and taking the rule. Africans like the Yoruba, Ewe, and Fanti-Ashanti who came as slaves in the 18th century and later settled Brazil. As a result of the congestion of many groups of people with different intentions, there emerged another major problem in Brazil that was racial segregation. This problem was due to ownership of slaves in the country a situation that saw a lot of miss-understanding in the country.
Brazil, particularly around São Paulo, had the dominant idea that national workers or employees would not develop the country, and thus only foreign workers or employees could be able to work within the reign of “free” labor without payment. The idea was to "whiten" Brazil by the use of new immigrants as well as through future miscegenation through which former slaves could disappear by being “whiter”. This policy meant to regulate the racial segregation in Brazil.
In 1878, just ten years to the abolition of the slavery, Rio de Janeiro held the Congresso Agrícola which meant (Agricultural Congress) where the meeting showed what the Brazilian people (mostly coffee planters) needed from their workers. However, national employees were an option to few of the participants, like to those that came from different part but not São Paulo, majority of them, through the head of coffee planters coming from São Paulo, knew that immigration could be good to Brazil, moreover, European immigration (Levine 25). Therefore, Congresso Agrícola portrayed the elite conviction that Europeans could have been racially as well as culturally superior as compared to other “races”.
Works Cited
Levine, Robert M. The History of Brazil. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmilla, 2003. Print.
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