Introduction
This argumentative essay will examine different thoughts regarding religion. This analysis has been carried out with the help of specific epistemology. Some of the most important discussions are carried out in order argue critically about the practices of religion, ethics and science.
1.Ethics
A
Ethical system based on humanity and equality is essential for making a balanced society. Any kind of ethical system, which is backed by the factors of humanity and equality, will surely give benefits to the people living in any part of the world. It is no denying the fact that every ethical system is based on some religious beliefs. The most important thing about this kind of ethical system is that it gives people the sense of security and they can live a prosperous life with absolute freedom (Tersman, 1993).
B
Honesty, equality and justice are the most important ethical principles and they are considered to be universal ethical principle. The universality of ethical principles can be judged by the way they are accepted and practiced all around the world. There are different societies in the world practices different ethical principles according to their religion, culture and traditions but the above mentioned ethical principles remain constant. (Willocks, 2007).
C
Ethical systems are based on some principles. There are four most important fundamental principles of ethics which are practiced and all over the world in different societies.
1. Respect for autonomy
The first and foremost principle of ethics is respect for autonomy. Here the word autonomy means an obligation to pay due honor and respect autonomy and authority of other people. It gives an understanding of paying proper respect to the decisions of other people. This principle of ethics is based on the idea of human dignity.
2. Beneficence
Another most important principle is the principle of beneficence. It is very important to make an idea of giving benefits to other people with the help of doing some acts. This fundamental principle is based on the idea of preventing harm. On the other hand, adopting this principle regularly can come across in conflict with the idea of respecting the autonomy of other people.
3. Non malfeasance
Non malfeasance is another most important fundamental principle of ethics. This principle gives an idea of preventing the intentions to harm someone. This principle is based on the principle of avoiding the circumstances that lead towards the situation that can harm someone. This principle also explains the importance of using the resources at the right place. The wrong use of any resource which can be use for the betterment of people is avoided by the practice of this fundamental principle of ethics.
4. Justice
Justice is one of the most important and valuable fundamental principle of ethics. This principle explains to undermine the obligation to give other people whatever they deserve. The principle of justice in the perspective of ethics is based on an idea to place anything on the right place. It is also one of the most important factors which make the balance in the society. The world, at present is focusing a lot of this principle. This principle also explains the concept of equality. To treat all the people without any discrimination is also the main excerpt of this fundamental principle of ethics (Willocks, 2007).
D
The good life is the one that is based on all the fundamental principle of ethics. Another most important definition of a good life can be a life which is dedicated to serve other and to make sure he happiness and wellness of other people. The real satisfaction of life is always achieved at the time when a person learns to make other people happy and prosper by doing certain acts. There are a lot of simple ways of achieving good life. The easiest way is to make a selfless approach. By applying selfless approach a person can achieve a good life (Tersman, 1993).
E
Ethics is a learned behavior that is learned with the passage of time. Ethics is learned with the help of a certain social institutions. Some people learn ethics with the help of certain experience. It has been seen that the learned behavior always remain in mind throughout the life. However, there are some natural instincts of human which also reflects ethics.
F
A bad life is considered to be a life that is devoid of serving others. A person who does not meet all the standards and basic principles of ethics leads ethically bad life. There are different ways through which we can know that a person is leading a bad life. The easiest way to assess anyone’s life is to inquire his attributes from his close ones.
G
Humans have somehow learned behavior as well as natural instincts of understanding the difference between good and bad. Just from the birth we learn the difference between white and black. For example, we learn from our family or educational institution that honesty, equality and kindness are the basic elements of leading a successful life.
H
Obviously, the ethical actions carry a lot of value apart from the outcomes of those actions. These ethical actions help and support a person to lead a purposeful life. A life cannot achieve its goal if it is not driven on the ground of ethics.
I
Humans are not free; they are determined. It is because we are bound in chains in society. Initially, humans are responsible to learn and adopt the ethical values, secondly they are responsible to practice these ethical values in the matters of life, and thirdly they are responsible for showing consistency to stick on the ethical values and to lead a purposeful and successful life (Tersman, 1993).
2.Epistemology
A
There are a lot of ways and methods which can be very much helpful and supportive for humans to know what they think. The most important and tested way is self discovery. It is an important process which leads towards an understanding of what a person is thinking. The most important thing is to know that what you know and this can be achieved with the help of self discovery.
B
A society characterized by the integral consciousness limits the tendency to materialistic and egocentric behavior; informed is wider and deeper way, and, above all, deals with any issue from a perspective approach synergistically to contemplate the possible positions and options they could raise. Under the impact of the new integral consciousness, based on human perception and cognition would be transformed into a more comprehensive and coordinated world.
C
Knowledge can be defined as any information which is based on some logic. Scientific knowledge is the result of self exploration, research and discoveries while other types of knowledge are sometimes inherited, learned or forced. The most notable difference between scientific knowledge and other types of knowledge is nearness to the nature. In today’s world science is perceived to be very much near to the nature while there are some other types of knowledge which sometimes remain in conflict with the nature.
D
Even in today’s scientific age the limits of skepticism are well defined. Human have been sent to apply skepticism approach and with the help of earning knowledge human, have developed they to enter in the scientific age. Human are generally restricted to interfere in the matters of divinity.
E
There are some logical differences between mind and the brain. The mind is a place of where thoughts are preserved and it is perceived, that human mind is the hub of adopting different things. On the other hand, the brain is a materialistic thing. It is a human organ which consist different physiological as well as chemical processes to stimulate human behavior.
F
The best epistemological argument can be that Man is a social animal. Through the process of socialization humans learn different behaviors and eventually they apply these behaviors in their life. Human perceive their worlds according to the way they are grown up. Their surroundings play a major role in defining their worlds to them. The most important thing in a human life is family. It is the primary social institution which gives a better understanding to a person to perceive his or her world (Steins,. (1992).
G
The evolution of consciousness, in modern times, is deployed from the limited ego. If so, be a source of great hope for the future of the planet. The transpersonal consciousness is open to getting more information that reaches the brain is capable of the dominant consciousness currently consolidated in the perspective rationalism. A change of this magnitude could lead to far-reaching consequences for the evolution of the species and health of social and natural systems. Greater empathy between people and a greater sensitivity to animals, plants and the entire biosphere is to be natural corollaries of such a change (Spinoza, 2000).
3.Religion
A
The proof for the existence of God is not necessary. Well, it depends on the faith of a person. It is due to the fact that the existence of God is very much near to common sense. If there is a whole universe then it is obvious that there is a creator also. For example, a person having some sort of religious bindings will think before doing some immoral act. This fear is the proof of the existence of God.
B
Everything in this nature seems to be in a systematic way. There is a force in the shape of God that disallows any kind of disturbance and interference in His nature. Science has reached the pinnacles of success but still it is unable to find out the authentic and solid reason of the formation of the universe (Kitcher, 2011). For example, Science has made a lot of useful inventions and religion instructs the right use of those inventions.
C
Well, being moral and believing in God is interconnected. Believe in God always restricts a person to obey the due principles of ethics and morality. For example, societies which are based on religious beliefs seems to be well balanced and moral as compare to atheistic societies.
D
No, there isn’t any conflict between science and religion. Religion is a directed path from divine and science is a man made exploration based on the research.
E
God’s omniscience cannot be related with the human free, and they cannot be reconciled.
F
Well, a person who believes in the advancement and findings of science will surely believes in the fact that there is a creator behind all this creation. A non believer of science in a real sense can believe on the idea of atheism. For example, believing in the existence of God is fundamental element of any religion. Scientific achieivements cannot be accomplished if atheistic approach is followd (Hinds, 2007).
Conclusion
All the lines of approaches lead to the conclusion that the above discussion clearly examines critical thoughts regarding the perspectives of ethics, epistemology and religion. With the help of this paper, it can be clearly undermined that the ethics, epistemology and religion are interrelated with each other.
References
Hinds, K. (2007). Religion. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark.
Kitcher, P. (2011). The ethical project. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Spinoza, B. d., & Parkinson, G. H. (2000). Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Steins, R. (1992). Morality. New York: Rosen Pub. Group.
Tersman, F. (1993). Reflective equilibrium: an essay in moral epistomology.. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International.
Willocks, T. (2007). The religion. New York: Sarah Crichton Books.
