Abramson, J. B. (1994). We, the Jury: The Jury System and the Ideal of Democracy: with a New Preface. Harvard University Press.
Jury came up in 1994 at a period of fast growing cynicism concerning jury justice. There was exclusive concern allover concerning racism, which appeared as a critical impartiality obstacle. There were always concerns on white men being prosecuted of racially abusing African-Americans. However, there was misrepresentation of Africans in the jury since there were no Africans serving in the jury. This brought in extensive disagreements between whites and African-Americans who always viewed themselves as segregated in proper operations of law in the United States. Although, race was the main factor encouraging campaign for independent jurors, other factors such as child paternity and gender also influenced the selection process for jurors. Other problems that surrounded the effectiveness of juries were jury demographics as well as jury nullification. An example of states that had these exclusive problems is Michigan. Most of the cases that were dealt with concerned African-Americans.
Butler, P. (1995). Racially based jury nullification: Black power in the criminal justice system. The Yale Law Journal, 105(3), 677-725.
Introduction of jury was meant to deal with the extensive racism that had covered the United States. Racism was a form of oppression where African-Americans were the main receivers of pain. There was no sympathy for the oppressed form the oppressor. Whites never realized the pain that blacks went through following their exclusive exposure to oppression. Whites realized that what they were doing was not right and they never wished for similar experiences. However, the African-Americans understood that what was reasonable to them could not have been reasonable to those who exploited them. This made the black people to carry out extensive campaign or a system that would incorporate them and save them the greed of blacks who were always out to pain them. This led to the negro revolution, which was to act as a jury for cases that concerned black people.
DiPerna, P. (1984). Juries on Trial: Faces of American Justice (p. 21). Dembner Books.
The jury system traces its history in classical Athens following its exclusive role in American and English law. The system was tested with various cases that were brought forth. Most of the cases that were observed as critical in determining the reliability of the jury system concerned both whites and black people. The decision that a judge made concerning a particular case was extremely significant in defining the strength and reliability of the jury system. The prosecution and defense for a case were equally fundamental as they had to be evaluated accordingly to give proper understanding of what the case entailed. Through the jury system, proper analysis of these parties would have been of exclusive significance in defining the success of the system if it was to be applied in the American law. However, it aimed at sensitizing the society on the need for equality in law.
Simon, R. J. (1975). The Jury system in America: a critical overview (p. 50). Sage Publications.
There are various groups of people who were extremely motivated to search for a common system of governance that would allow equality n the society. Such people are behavioral scientists, judges, practicing attorneys, journalists, historians, as well as jurors. Each of these individuals came up with personal evaluation of the jury system and its impacts to the American society. However, their findings are based on critical researches that they carried out. Among the main topics that these groups of people analyzed are; the juror selection process, the characteristics of jurors, influence of litigants on juries as well as the social psychology for jury deliberations. There were exclusive discussions among these groups after a juror made a verdict. The reasoning among these people was vital to indicate the significance of juries in the American community.
References
Abramson, J. B. (1994). We, the Jury: The Jury System and the Ideal of Democracy: with a New Preface. Harvard University Press.
Butler, P. (1995). Racially based jury nullification: Black power in the criminal justice system. The Yale Law Journal, 105(3), 677-725.
DiPerna, P. (1984). Juries on Trial: Faces of American Justice (p. 21). Dembner Books.
Simon, R. J. (1975). The Jury system in America: a critical overview (p. 50). Sage Publications.
