In recent years, the issue about animal right has garnered great attention from the society. Whether animal testing should be banned or not is still being debated by many people. Both the advantages and disadvantages of using animals in experiments for inventing medicines for humanity will be discussed in this essay before a reasonable conclusion is drawn.First, the critics of the idea of using animals in testing medicines argue that non-human animals are living organisms like human and also they share the same place to live with humanity, so they should be considered as non-human persons and members of the moral community. Animals are hence believed to have the rights of not to be owned or not to be subjects in experiments. In addition, the researches that used animals as subjects to be tested are often criticized for enthusiasm for most of the animals after experiments. They are also believed to provide out-of-date data which lead to misleading information and the medicines used on animals cannot always be applied safely on human. This is therefore, animal testing is argued to have great disadvantages on both humans and animals. On the other hand, the advocators of animal experimentation argue that using non-human animals in testing medicines has brought extreme benefits to human lives and is playing a very important role on many fields of researching. These supporters rely on the fact that virtually every discovery in the 20th century is resulted from animal testing and thousands of lives have been protected from dangerous diseases by medicines which were tested on animals. Moreover, until now even sophisticated computers are unable to model interactions between molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, and the environment, making animal research necessary in many areas.
At such reset the application of animals to test a large number of products from household compounds and cosmetics to Pharmaceutical products has been considered to be a normal strategy for many years. Laboratory animals are generally used in three primary fields: biomedical research, product security evaluation and education. (Animal Experiments) It has been estimated that approximately, 20 million animals are being used for testing and are killed annually; about 15 million of them are used to test for medication and five million for other products. Reports have been generated to indicate that about 10 percent of these animals are not being administered with painkillers. The supporters of animal rights are pressurizing government agencies to inflict severe regulations on animal research. However, such emerging criticisms of painful experimentation on animals are coupled with an increasing concern over the cost it would have on the limitation of scientific progress. (Of Cures and Creatures Great and Small)Around the world, animals are utilized to test products ranging from shampoo to new cancer drugs. Each and every medication used by humans is first tested on the animals. Animals were also applied to develop anesthetics to ease human ailments and suffering during surgery. (Animal Experiments) Currently, questions have been raised about the ethics surround animal testing. As a result several regulations have been put in place to evaluate and control the animals being used for testing purposes. These regulations hope to ensure that they are carried out in a humanely and ethical manner. (Testing on Animals: A Patient’s Perspective) Acceptance of such experimentations is subject to a lot of argumentation. As the statistics indicate animal testing is dangerous and harmful, but medical research must continue. We need to find other testing techniques that are advanced in order to eliminate this harmful process, till then all we can do is continue with our research.In conclusion, although animal testing has several certain drawbacks, it is believed to bring undeniably important benefits to humanity. It is hoped that there will be more awareness about the lives of animals to protect them from illegal hunting and being poorly treated.
I have read in Arabic history about Hattam Altaiee and his generosity. He loved his horse so much, it was a purebred horse. They were friends for a long time and they had fought many battles together. A deadly famine hit the area that where Hattam lives. He was known among his tribe as a generous person. One day some people came to his house and asked for food. He slaughtered all his cattle for hungry people except his beloved horse. In this day he took a very hard decision to slay his horse and fed it to people. That makes me believe there is a priority for everything.
Animal research is a very complicated issue and it has been going for many years. There are many institutions and association fighting very hard for this issue; they represent one side of the argument. On the other hand researchers and scientists intent on finding new medicines to improve the quality of human life and animals as well. This argument has many aspects of conflict. The main aspect is ethical, second aspect is misusing of animals in labs, third one, is efficiency aspect.
Before we portray these three aspects,let’s take a look on animals research history and see if it was acceptable or not. Animal’s experiments referred to ancient Greeks and Romans writings. The first experiments on living animals were performed by a Greek scientist called Erasistratus in 18th. Afterward, these tests transferred from being relatively uncommon to a scientific mainstream. In Russia, the development of embryos was discovered by the Zoologist Christian Pander In 1817, which led to same discovery in human embryos. Additionally, in 1912, dogs were used to study rejoining severed nerves by a French surgeon called Alexis Carrel. This was the first step in organ transplantation. In 1921, Frederick Banting caused the revolution of diabetes medicines by improving the pancreatic ducts of dogs, and discovered that the isolates of pancreatic secretion can keep dogs with diabetes alive (American for medical progress AMP). He followed up these experiments with chemical isolation of insulin in 1922 with John Macleod. After many years, using animals in medical research has had plenty of changes and developments.
What is going to happen if we stop animal’s researches? What the consequences are if we continue? That makes me go deeper in this issue to find out what is a better choice we should take. Humans have been using animals for thousands of years for many purposes such as riding, carrying weights, farming and other needs. Life without animals will stop. The American Medical Association has stated that it believes that research involving animals is essential to maintaining and improving the health of human beings. They point out that all advances in medical science in the 20th century came form from antibiotics to organ transplants, has been achieved either directly or indirectly through the use of animals in laboratory experiments (Sarah). Animal research is being used to find a cure for aids, cancer, heart disease, aging and congenital defects. We constantly discover new diseases in our big population world. So animal’s research should continue to eliminate diseases and outbreaks even some people regard that is not ethical.
Anti-animal testing believes that animals should have rights of living as humans. Humans want to live long and healthy life. In fact, animals might to live the same way. If humans want this, the chance to do so should be given to animals as well. Therefore, they believe they animals should not be tested. We should save many animals and species as result animals should be preserved for as long as possible. Animal testing is very common and needs to stop. It is done on things as simple for day to day usage, like shampoos, to products which are on their ways to being the cure for cancer. A cure for cancer can be found without killing off so many rats. No one exactly knows what goes on exactly in a rat’s mind. However, at some point, humans can realize that animals should be given the chance to live. If they did not want to live, they would find some way to die. But, talking away an animal’s chance is wrong. Whether, people know it or not, animal testing is extremely common and is done every day in different labs of the world. Testing is just one more way that animals are growing rarer each day.
Vivisection’ is one example of torture animals and a scientific disaster, thousands of animals have been injured or killed as a result of it and time and time again researchers have been lead into a blind alley. Vivisection literally means, “cutting while still alive,” but these days it refers to any experiments conducted on animals Animal testing is the running of tests and the research that . Vivisection was subjected to experiments ’likely to cause pain, suffering, distress.
Many different kinds of animals suffer this fate, including monkeys, baboons, dogs, cats, pigs, rabbits, mice, rats, gerbils, pigs, sheep, horses, goats, and many other animals. These experiments include the animals being poisoned, genetically mutated, infected with lethal pathogens, stressed, deprived of parental care, irradiated, burnt, blinded, traumatized, forced to inhale noxious substances and subjected to interference with the brain.” Estimates exist that 100 million animals are used worldwide, which is about 274,000 per day, or three every second. However, this estimate is for vertebrates only” (vivisection information network).
This is a very good reason so, we should stop at it and think about it seriously and look to this issue closer. If we compare the both sides of the argument and see what has more benefit to human and animals as well. The other side of the argument (That says we should continue on animals researches) has good reasons too and might be stronger than the first side of the argument (That says we should stop animal researches). The issue is not like what they think. Animal rights groups should understand want to kill animals. Human do not suffer difficulties in test because animals do. If we want compute the issue mathematically, everything in the world has some value, humans value absolutely more animals value so, we should sacrifice by who has less value for something will have benefit for both
Also, they claim, exports kill animals for unnecessary reasons and cosmetic materials. Every year, millions of animals suffer and die in painful tests to determine the safety of cosmetics substances such as eye shadow. In fact that the test results don’t help prevent or treat human illness or injury. In labs killing of animals is free and without thinking. for example, in the Lethal Dose 50% test, The tests provide data which means nothing for humans, and experts describe it as “only marginally informative, toxicologically inadequate, and misleading” (vivisection information network) .increasing amounts of a test product until half of the testing animals die. Animals get feed or inject with cosmetic products, then the dose increases until internal organs become blocked, rupture, and destroy organs of animals and they bleed from the inside. If the animals do not die in the test, they will kill them afterwards.
According to companies who perform these tests. The tests are done to establish the safety of a product and its ingredients. Whenever possible alternatives to animal experiments, exports will use them. If we do not use animals in testing, then we should use human for this purpose. That will bring up more complicated questions that is (is it ethical to use human on tests?). In some cases universities started to use alternatives of anatomy department at schools. ”we were successful in getting no animals alternatives for the students, in large part because the schools were unable to demonstrate that the use of animals was unnecessary for pedagogical purposes.”(Francione, 48) In many cases the alternative is impossible in fact, we have no other options of using animals on researches “The development of modern research techniques, such as cat scans, pet scans, needle biopsies, and tissue cultures allow researchers to thoroughly drain their options before testing on animals” (Kaufman, 380.). The processes before start testing on animals take a lot of time, money, and take care of animals to make sure the animals that will be tasted are eligible or not for the researches. That is going to be subjects of tests "No responsible scientist would endure the substantial expense and devote the considerable space required for housing and caring of animals when other equally satisfactory models were available." (Michael, 361.)
Anti-animals tests groups claim , testing on animals is not quietly successful. In medicine history, there are many medicines and vaccine passed safe in the beginning, then turned back as a dangerous in human use. They believe animals test is not safe for human as well. For example, toxicity test determine as an effective test for animals but not humans. They determine the toxic level for mice, dogs, rabbits, cats and chimpanzees is not the same for young or old men and women. Some animals die in the test as a result of the volume of material, not the toxicity of the material. D Ray Creek (aboard certified doctor) said “The simplest explanation is that animal experiments provide misleading data. Animals suffering of human misleading information “treatment based on animal’s research has caused damage to human health through side effects and/ or the creation of new diseases, including AIDS” (Grayson, 23)
At best, they tell us a good deal about how animals experience disease, but they rarely tell us something of value that can be applied to humans. Animal tests provide additional data, but not a higher level of accuracy. Humans are a major victim of animal testing. For example, The British Medical Journal estimated that “10,000 humans are killed each year by medical drugs.” (Vivisection information network). This is more than the number of dogs, pigs, hamsters, gerbils, other rodents, cattle, deer or primates.
Without animal testing, products would be based on theory. No one would want to use medicine, which may damage eyes, be poisonous, cancerous, and cause birth defects. Animal testing reaps great benefits such as finding effective drugs to combat disease, improve surgical procedures, and make products safe. Additionally, researches are really important to human’s life because it touches human’s health directly. There is no other way to improve medicine, vaccines and drugs without researches. For example, penicillin is the most important antibiotic, was found as a result of animal research. Since penicillin became the first antibiotic to be put in use in 1943, it was widely accepted that science was winning the centuries-old battle against infections. Scholars and doctors tried it on animals many times before they use on human. Penicillin greatly reduced the incidence of once dreaded bacterial diseases like TB and typhoid fever. (Bettelheim). Polio and TB have been brought under control as result of vaccines, polio which struck more than 21,000 American children in 1952 (Cooper, 67). In 1960s the vaccine wiped out those diseases.
Along with all these great advances in medication certain surgery procedures have also benefited from using animals to study. For example, cataract surgery has been the one to improve the most because of animal’s researches. At first there was nothing that could be done and many of the persons with cataract were going blind. Then after doctors paid attention to it as result of animal dissection and studied it, they now could perform a surgery that would cure cataract.
Animals test has done a big advancement of medical fields and putting new medicine in use. The fact of the matter is that the dissection of an animal is a great learning tool. It is a way to apply knowledge that is obtained in the classroom and put it to use. A sense of understanding and meaning are gained when a student is able to recognize what he has done through hands on activity. Discovering several parts of an animal’s anatomy is also part of the learning method. Through dissection, we have discovered a lot of new things and we knew how organs work what the duties of them and what are the expected problems might they face.
In short animal testing saves lives. Animal testing helps find causes, and cures of disease, genetic defects, birth defects, and improves the all the health fields. It ensures that products are thoroughly tested and can be safely used. It is an ugly fact that animals are being killed. But surviving is a part of every animal’s nature that identical with human as well. Human’s race has evolved and we have created new means of ensuring our survival. The tests are not to kill life, but to save it. We should care about all animals that live on earth. However, the involuntary sacrifice of animals for the benefit of humans exceeds all the doubts whether animal experimentation is ethical or not. They have helped us more than we can ever imagine. Thanks to animals, we have advanced in all fields of the life. Our medical has improved and our education became more sophisticated. Animal testing has made available more products and improved technology. Although from the animals’ perspective it might seem harsh and inhumane, from the scientist’s point of view, we can clearly see that these animals are heroes that have helped the human race survive and advance in our world today
I started my essay by an anecdote about a guy loved his horse, eventually he sacrifice by his horse for something more important than his horse. Then I gave a background and history of animal testing and the acceptability of it during the history. I state my argument in three aspects. First one is an ethical aspect, in the part I first I portrayed the counter argument opinion by a strong way and I wrote about vivisection as an example of torturing animals. My respond to this part was not strong because it just based on logical believe, if you believe humans life is more important than animals life the means I have a good reason to take this side of the argument. In the second aspect (miss using aspect) I wrote anti-animals test groups claim, animals should not use for cosmetics purposes also, they claim experts and are carless about animals in the labs. My rebuttal to this aspect was giving testimony of experts and agencies, they used any possible alternative to the animals in the studying fields, but, in some cases there is no alternative solutions in this cases they use animals in labs by good standers and regarding to animals rights. In the third aspect (efficiency aspect) anti-animals tests groups claim the animals test is not quite effective and is not high of accuracy, so, that will make damage to human health and animals as well. They support their claim by expert’s opinions.
My respond was by giving proving how human’s health has improved and we invented medicines and vaccines for almost all the diseases. As far as animal testing is concerned we are confronted with the moral dilemma of a choice between the welfare of humans or the welfare of animals. There is a lot of pain that these animals have to undergo for testing; hence animal testing cannot be supported. But at the same time all animal testing cannot be banned immediately because it is our only successful channel to develop medicines and cures. The most evidence I have in my case study is to go against animal testing as I have 3 pages ‘against animal testing’ and only 2 for my ‘for animal testing’, nonetheless I believe that ‘for animal testing’ is the right option to choose from. I believe my argument for animal testing is more reliable than my argument against animal testing, this is because I have scientific information about for animal testing that tells us that by testing on animals, we have found many cures for diseases and helped to develop vaccines against; rabies, polio, measles, mumps, rubella and Tuberculosis. So without animal testing we would not have found any antidote’s to those diseases. However I do have some scientific information for my against animal testing side; I have proven statistics from the year 2000 that in total 2,714,800 animals were tested in just that year. But despite those statistics, if we did not test on animals then we would not have the improved quality of human life. Overall I believe that my ‘for’ argument stacks up the strongest because animal testing is the most accurate way to learn the effects of substances in a living body. Issues related to animal experimentation are frequently discussed these days, particularly in the media. It is often said that animals should not be used in testing because it is cruel and unnecessary. This essay will examine the arguments for and against animal testing.
On the one hand, the people who support these experiments say that we must do tests on animals. For instance, many famous lifesaving drugs were invented in this way, and animal experiments may help us to find more cures in the future. Indeed, possibly even a cure for cancer and AIDS. Furthermore, the animals which are used are not usually wild but are bred especially for experiments. Therefore, they believe it is not true that animal experiments are responsible for reducing the number of wild animals on the planet.
On the other hand, others feel that there are good arguments against this. First and foremost, animal experiments are unkind and cause animals a lot of pain. In addition, they feel that many tests are not really important, and in fact animals are not only used to test new medicines but also new cosmetics, which could be tested on humans instead. Another issue is that sometimes an experiment on animals gives us the wrong result because animals’ bodies are not exactly the same as our own. As a consequence, this testing may not be providing the safety that its proponents claim.
In conclusion, I am of the opinion, on balance, that the benefits do not outweigh the disadvantages, and testing on animals should not continue. Although it may improve the lives of humans, it is not fair that animals should suffer in order to achieve this.
a. Outline
II. Introduction; an anecdote, background history, animal testing is historically acceptable. Portrayed the both sides of the argument and their claims. the thesis statement, animals testing should continue because it has done a lot for human’s and animals’ health.
III. Ethical aspect; A anti-animals testing claim, the testing is not ethical and animals should have the same human’s rights.
i. B.my respond, human’s life has more value than animals life, it is ethical because everything has done in labs is for human and animals benefits.
IV. Misusing aspect; A. anti-animals testing opinion, experts do not use animals in the labs properly and they do not use animals only for guenon needs.
i. B. experts opinion, animals testing has done in labs by high standards. And under oversees of government associations.
V. Efficiency aspect; A. anti-animals testing claim, animals testing is not totally successful, it has done damage on human’s health and human body construct is different than animals.
B.My respond, throughout health history animals testing has improved human’s and animals’ health, by inventing drugs and vaccines , experts saved
millions of people and animals.
Conclusion; summarizing the whole argument by portraying the points of the argument briefly
Works Cited
Adriel Bettelheim. Biology professor
American for medical progress AMP
Cooper, Mary H. The Business of Drugs. Washington, D.C: Congressional Quarterly, 1990. Print.
Daniel G. Hackam, M.D., and Donald A. Redelmeier, M.D., “Translation of Research Evidence from Animals to Human,” The Journal of the American Medical Association 296 (2006): 1731-2
Francione, Gary L. Rain Without Thunder: The Ideology of the Animal Rights Movement. Philadelphia, Pa: Temple University Press, 1996. Internet resource
Gray L. Francione. Animals Rights , 2000
Grayson, Lesley. Animals in Research: For and against. London: British Library, 2000. Print.
Michael E. Debakey. Holding Human Health Hostage. Journal of Investigative Surgery, 1988; 1(2): 81-84
Sarah Gash. "Animals in Research; For and Against", Reference Reviews, (2001)Vol. 15 Iss: 4, pp.27 – 27
Stephen Kaufman. Break throughs Don’t Require Torture, 2003.
vivisection information network. How many animals are used?/ Retrieved from http://www.vivisectioninformation.com/index.php?p=1_76_updated-how-many-animals are-used on 11/22/2013.
