According to Linda J. Lumsden, how did suffrage activities draw women into the fight for suffrage?
This author elaborates various ways in which in which suffrage activities drew women to fight for suffrage. The suffrage activities ensured that it appeals to the interest of women in order to drive them to fight for suffrage in America. The aspects of interest that were given attention involve defending for freedom of speech, right to dissent and freedom of assembly especially at the times of war. Women suffrage movement also involved defending the rights of women to vote in the public elections.
Various strategies were, therefore, put in place in order to draw the attention of women into fighting for suffrage. The strategies and techniques used entails the aspects relating aggressive agitation, civil disobedience, relentless lobbying and non-violent confrontation sin the public. Such activities are greatly assisted in attracting the attention of woken in order to fight for woman suffrage in the U.S.
The tactics used drew attention of the women using activities like labor activism, British suffrage campaigns, antislavery and the temperance in the society. These activities played an essential role in appealing to the inspiration and the emotions of the women to participate in the fight for woman suffrage in America.
Among the first strategies and techniques used to draw the attention of women, was traditional petitioning and lobbying. This is where the party members exerted pressure on the people who are holding office at that moment. Women in 1912 used lobbying technique in order to exert pressure for the amendment of the constitution of the U.S so as to allow women to vote in the public elections. The lobbying technique was used to draw the woman attention in order to exert pressure on officeholders so as to remedy the existing regulations or laws which are discriminatory on the part of women in the society.
Petitioning technique was also used in order to collect as many signatures as possible with the help of resolutions so as to present such documents officially to the political representatives. This was meant to present clearly the will and interest of the people. This was the tradition that was greatly honored by the politicians in the U.S.
The techniques of demonstrations and picketing were also used where picketing was done next to the Whitehouse so as to draw the public attention that the rights of women within the U.S are limited irrespective of the world picture of the U.S as a free nation. This involved the use of posters and clear pictures in order to demonstrate the aspects that are of interest as the rights of women to vote in the public elections. This technique was meant to display the irony of the international freedom and democracy while, in real sense, the political rights of some citizens are limited in the U.S.
Suffrage activities also drew the attention of women to fight for suffrage through the use of parades where women marched on the streets in order to demonstrate and display their needs on the public. This technique was widely used in order to attract the attention of the politicians and the whole pubic in order to fight for and address the needs of the women like participation in the national elections as well as promoting democracy. The banners were used on the parades in order to attract many women to engage in fighting for their rights of democracy in the U.S
According to Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, what motivated African- American women to support the suffrage movement, despite being excluded from national suffrage groups?
The African-American women were also motivated to participate in the suffrage movement due to various aspects relating to discrimination of women in the U.S. This, therefore, played an important in driving all the women irrespective of their racial identity to participate in the movement. The right to participate in the elections of the U.S also motivated the African-American women to participate in the women suffrage movement so as to fight for the rights of women like freedom of political democracy. The drive for freedom with respect to antislavery also motivated the African-American women to support the suffrage movement so as to promote the spirit of freedom and representation of all citizens in the leadership of the U.S.
The African American women were also motivated to join the suffrage movement due to the issues of racism affecting them. They joined in the women suffrage movement in order to fight for their rights against racial discrimination in the U.S by the whites. The force against racism was the main driving force among the African American women joining the suffrage movement.
The African-American women participated in this movement with the aim of representation as women in the U.S. The right to participate in the national election was an important factor and driving force where individuals regardless of their racial identity wanted to achieve. The aspects relating to the right of assembly and speech in the U.S also was among the factors that motivated the African-American women to participate in the suffrage movement. They engaged in this movement in defending the rights to assemble freely and give their expressions and speech concerning matters of interest to the US.
According to Linda G. Ford, how did the National Women's Party's (NWP'S) militant strategies affect women's willingness to join and commit to the movement?
The strategies of National Women's Party Congress had a great impact on the willingness of women to participate in the movement. The strategies used by this party helped to appeal to the direct and common of interest of women in the U.S, for example, the need to participate in the national elections. The need to participate in the national elections motivated the women to join the suffrage movement so as to fight for the freedom to participate in the public elections. The spirit to vote is an important component of political democracy and representation, thereby, motivated many women to participate in the women suffrage movement.
The militant strategies like lobbying and petitions also motivated the women to join the women suffrage movement in order to fight for political representation. This helps in approaching the politicians as a group through high bargaining power of the large groups of women.
The aspects relating to the antislavery issues are among the most important issue which motivated women to join and support the women suffrage movement. Their aim was to achieve peace of mind and freedom without racial and gender discrimination in the national or political representation.
The aspects of arrests and imprisonments are also matters of special consideration in order to help the women address the issues at the courts of law as detainees. This strategy also motivated the women to join the movement so that the whole world knows that they are fighting rightfully for the political democracy.
The militant strategies like the use of parades gave the women confidence and courage to participate the women suffrage movement so as to present their grievances and needs to the president and the general public. The women also believed that such parades will give them the best opportunity to display banners to the politicians and the president so as to address or attend to their needs.
Works Cited
Ford, Linda. Iron-jawed Angels: The Suffrage Militancy of the National Woman's Party, 1912-1920. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1991. Print.
Lumsden, Linda J. Rampant Women: Suffragists and the Right of Assembly. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997. Print.
Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. Print.
