As previously mentioned, I have used the following rubric to grade your paper. Please review to the rubric itself to see the details for what my comments mean.
Here is the link: http://www.southwestern.edu/live/files/2215-hhmi-summer-research-proposal-evaluation
Introduction:
Mental health issues results from different sets of emotions, behaviors and thoughts that cause some level of distress among people. These mental issues are thought to be a consequence of collaboration between biological, social, genetic, and economic factors (MHCC, 2010). Psychotic disorder has an intense effect on an individual’s health. Though there are quite a few ways to describe the reasons for any medical situation of patients, the customary way of evaluating mental health disorders is not satisfactory. It has been projected that psychotic disorders are responsible for about 15% of overall disability present in the globe in 2000 which is very alarming (Thornicroft and Tansella, 2003). This ratio of mental disability is double the disability affected by cancer of all types. However, there have not been enough efforts being done by the governments to tackle this issues. Good argument inclusion here! There have been some reforms done in few countries where public health care facilities have been provided to the patients. Whereas, in the majority of the countries, a large number of psychotic disorder patients are treated by private health care units. It creates enormous impacts on public health care and social life of individuals. Patients are forced to get treatment in private health care units that are expensive. A study of the underlying impacts of private health care of mental disorders on public health care and social policy is the main research problem (Thornicroft and Tansella, 2003).
Rubric Reference- Project Description: Very Good
Problem Statement:
The What are the documentable impacts of the Kenya private health care on the treatment off psychotic illnesses and how are these impacts reflected in has certain effects on the community health care and social policy.?
You must use the question as revised above
Literature Review:
In Kenya, majority of the psychotic disorders are treated through private health care units. The impact of private health care on public health care and society has been measured by collecting a sample of 455 patient invoices from a private hospital in Nairobi. So will you be studying the U.S. or Kenya? You MUST clarify this to your reader. Binary logistics and multi-linear regression were run on the collected data. It was established that a bulk of the patients were admitted in a private hospital against their will. They have to pay a heavy fee for treatment. There are not enough public health care units available in the country that has impacted the social lives of the citizens suffering from mental disorders. The data was collected from one hospital in Nairobi, and no comparison has been made with the patient’s treatment in a public hospital. The quality of treatment between public and private health care cannot be measured on the basis of just a single case. A larger data should have been collected to reach conclusive evidence about impact of private health care of mental disorders on public health care and social policy (De Menil, Knapp, McDaid and Njenga, 2014).
This paper analyzes the understanding of public health care and about treatment of mental health disorders among adult patients in Kenya the pilot scheme was planned to improve the treatment of patients in public health. The results indicate positive link between social and primary health care of the patients. Managed patient’s health care can affect structures that generate gaps concerning primary health care. The research did not include any comparison between public and private health care which could have offered better understanding of improvement in patient’s healthcare. The result depicts only from a pilot project and doesn’t depict the true picture of the whole state (Upshur, 2005).
Mental disorders like schizophrenia guzzle up a major chunk of health resources in developing countries. This investigation is founded on a study directed in Nigeria about the economic and social effects of mental health care treatments at private health. The patients admitted in private health care units were analyzed by a using a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. All other costs incurred in private clinics were also incorporated for assessment. The result indicates that the cost of treatment in private health clinics is very high. There is a need to formulate cost saving public health facilities for the patients suffering from mental illness. The sample size of the data used for the research was subtle and might not represent the true picture of the whole population. Apart from that the study did not incorporate indirect cost associated with the treatment. The drawback of this study is that it does not incorporate qualitative analysis to have a better understanding to the population under study (Uwakwe, Modebe, Njelita and Ezeama, 2012).
Psychotic disorders are becoming a serious concern internationally. However, underdeveloped countries are resisting to give more attention to psychotic health needs of their suffering citizens. An existing research conducted by Fournier, (2011) on evaluating the conditions of mental care facilities available to the general public by the government of Ghana. For this study, the data was gathered through both primary and secondary resources. The results states that the public health care facilities in Ghana are very limited, and the country is facing shortage of health care professionals. There has not been any changes in the policy implemented three decades ago. The administration does not have sufficient resources to expand public health care facilities in the country. There are several organizations working to help the people in order to deal with mental health issues. The private health care units are very expensive, and everyone cannot afford it. It creates an inequality in a society that can create unrest among the people in the long run. The state should take action to minimize the gap between the quality of treatment in government funded and private health care units. This study gives a complete picture of the problem that exists in Ghana and all aspects have been covered very comprehensively in it (Fournier, 2011). I am very confused where you will be doing this study.
Another study was conducted on mental health care issues in Ghana by Ofori-Atta (2010) in literatures. A quantitative method of conducting a survey was used in this research. World health organization’s instruments to assess mental health was used in the survey. Apart from that, informal interviews were conducted from the people directly involved in the healthcare system of the country. The sample used for the study was 122. It was found that the country need legislation in public health care for mental disorders. The lack of funds and distribution of psychotic health experts needed to be organized in such a manner that everyone can have easy access to health care. For that purpose, the government should promote community-based health care units in the country. This study provides a more conclusive picture of the shortcomings that Ghana face with respect to basic public health facilities for mental illness.
Martins (2008) conducted a study to recognize the involvement of homeless individuals with the public health care system. The research designed used for this purpose was descriptive in nature. Interviews were conducted from a sample of 15 homeless individuals. The result of the research stressed that the displaced people do not have the same access to mental health care units. They face discriminatory behavior from the public and private health care units. Because of it, they try to delay the treatment unless it became extreme severe. It can lead to a feeling of social inequality among the poor people. The research was accompanied with a subtle sample size of homeless people that might not represent the actual scenario. The large sample size of homeless people along with the point of view of the representatives from the public health care organizations can present the exact outcome desired in this research.
An analysis of mental health care system operating in two of the most developed countries, that is, United States and Switzerland was conducted by Trotta, Lang and Schneeberger (2013). In both U.S. and Switzerland, the majority of the mental health illness are covered through private health care system operating in these countries. The private health care system of Switzerland has been more effective in delivering the outcomes as compared to that of U.S. The researchers have suggested that not everyone can afford to have treatment from private health care centers. Both of the governments should do proper legislation to formulate an effective public health care system that can satisfy the general public to a large extent. In this way, the gaps among different social classes can be reduced to promote equality in the societies. You have provided a number of different countries nowwill you be comparing them all with data? This needs to be very clearhow exactly does your project fit into this literature review?
A research was conducted in Ethiopia to analyze the access of mental health care facilities to women living in rural areas. For this purpose, medical records of public healthcare institutions were studied. A total of 226 psychiatric charts were studied. After analysis, it was found that none of the charts contained any medication status of the female patients. The hospital medical staff was found careless in treatment of females patients. Appropriate psychotic health care for women needs concentrated efforts by various stake holders. It has been suggested that public mental health care structure needs to be reactive, consenting for change initiating with equal rights for both male and female patients, so that women living in the rural areas of the country have access to basic mental healthcare facilities (Chemali, et al., 2013).
The worldwide burden of disease linked to psychotic disorders is on the rise, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reckoning that more than 450 million people are suffering from mental disorders worldwide. The Mental Health Global Action Program (MHGAP) was initiated by the WHO in 2002 in order to solve the spreading gap in access to psychological healthcare in low-income states. Regardless of these struggles, access to mental healthcare in under developed countries remains inadequate, incompetent, and unbalanced. It is estimated that the gap in poor countries for mental healthcare facilities in public hospital is about 85% which is alarming. In this article, Marangu, et al., 2014 has argued that incorporating mental health facilities into key healthcare locations through capability building is essential with respect to attaining the goals set by WHO. This study investigates the difficulties to and potential positives for the development of the transfer of mental healthcare services to general public in Kenya. It is suggested that the combination of both the multiethnic and competencies methods as a collective strategy for dealing with capacity building in heterogeneous settings such as Kenya is the best solution to solve the issues related to mental healthcare.
It is considered as the responsibility of the states to provide healthcare facilities to its residents. However, in present-day health scenario, majority of the health services are provided to inhabitants through private healthcare. States lack resources to control over health structures present. Mental healthcare systems are often neglected by the states and majority of the patients have to use private healthcare. It has also raised social policy issues for countries. Patients suffering from mental disorders believe that they are being neglected by their government. It is recommended that states should spend equally on all areas of healthcare and special attention should be given to mental healthcare (Chapman, 2014).
Bangladesh is well-thought-out to be one of the developing countries of the third world. It has been estimated that about 16.1% of the adults in the country were suffering from different types of mental illness. However, the ratio of qualified doctors with respect to population is very low in the country and is distributed unequally across the country. There is no legislative structure of public health care for psychotic disorders exists in the county. Majority of the population get treatments of its mental disorders from private sector health care units. It has been suggested that the country requires a new management framework for treatment of mental health issues of the residents. However, this research does not provide any conclusive suggestions for the solution of mental health care issues prevailing in the country (Ahmed,et al., 2011).
The basic aim of this paper is to evaluate, and highlight the social beneficial policy and problems with the mental health system in under developed countries like Bhutan. What?! Bhutan and Malaysia are not the same place!! It also emphasizes on mental health care system with respect to services, policies and problems to support improved system of psychotic disorders’ treatment. The government in Bhutan has adopted a new policy of providing a cost beneficial, balanced and well-integrated health facilities. These facilities consist of different sets of programs related to precautionary, promote and rehabilitative health services. The state government has put special emphasis on health and education. Although, there are serious problems faced by the government when it comes to quality of care level provided to patients with mental illness. The reason behind these problems includes the lack of understanding and bad management of mental disorders by the health authorities and residents. Bhutan spends a very less amount of his budget on psychotic disorders. In order to reinforce mental healthcare in the country, there should be awareness about the mental illness in every aspect of health and social policy (Pelzang, 2012).
Rubric Reference- Scholarly Significance: Poor
You must rectify the issues above if you want to pass this proposal by me.
Research Methodology:
The methodology used for this research study was a blend of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Exactly what methods will you use and what theory are you following? The use of combination of methods in research is also termed as triangulation. This method has certain advantages associated to it. It makes the researcher mode confident of his results, encourages growth of creative ways of gathering data, helps in collecting a richer and reliable data, and discloses any contradictions (Jick, 1979). The use of mixed research methods neutralize the weaknesses of one methodology and support the benefits of the other in order to achieve better quality research outcome. The use of both qualitative and quantitative methods increases the aptitude to rule out conflicting explanation of observed data and minimizes doubts about data reliability (Hussein, 2009). The use of triangulation methodology in this case will provide more convincing outcomes. Besides, for justifying the influence of private health care for the treatment of mental disorders on public health care and social policy. The used of mixed method will also confiscate the restriction of dependence only on either qualitative or quantitative methods. De Lisle (2011) stated that complicated social issues have a tendency to be challenging for the rigid investigations by traditional researchers. The complexity of issues have forced the researchers to demand multiple tools for investigation. It has steered to the advancement of mixed research methods.
The reason behind using questionnaire and interview methods is to try and get the maximum output from the respondents. A questionnaire will be designed for the patients who have used public and private health care for psychotic disorders. It will be feasible to ask them short questions with simple answers rather than conducting an interview. On the other hand, the best way to get the information from the medical professional and government policy makers is to have a detailed interview with them by using a well-structured questions. These individuals do not like to solve questionnaire.
Rubric Reference- Adequacy & Feasibility of Design: Needs Improvement
This mainly stems from your lack of country focus in your research. Narrow the data that you will be using and focus on a country that you have the most knowledge related to this subject matter.
Objectives:
- Determine what fFactors can have an impact on public health care and social policy in [insert a specific country here] due to increasing usage of private health care for psychotic disorders.
- Reasons Analyze the date associated with psychotic disorders treatments in behind the use of private health care facilities for treatment of psychotic disorders.
- Recommend ationsfor formulating ansuggestions for more effective operative public health care structures for mental illnesses in [insert country]. Objectives must use Bloom’s taxonomy language, these objectives must maintain the language I included.
- Rubric Reference- Goals and Products: Very Good
Explanation of Research Framework:
As stated before that both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in conducting this research. The following framework outlines the basic methodologies employed for conducting and concluding each segment of this study. Literature review was performed to analyze the impact of private health care for psychotic disorders on public health care and social policy. Concurrent to the literature review, a set of indicators will be developed to measure the concept through a framework based on a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was performed to set a base for answering research questions. This method allows logical, quantitative and objective research to capture stresses on filtering the information from the content and data significant to the concept being analyzed (Altheide, 1996). Interviews will be conducted with representatives of government officials, health care sector, and community members. The interview questions will be of structured nature, allows better understanding of the questions and issues regarding the topic of study. Ofori-Atta (2010) and Fournier (2011) has used both qualitative and quantitative set of techniques to analyze the mental health care issues in Ghana. The data will be collected through random sampling. The information will be gathered in two phases. In first phase data collection of qualitative technique will take place followed by the quantitative data. The methods of collecting the data will include individual interviews for the qualitative part. For the quantitative data, methods of collection will includes a surveys method by using questionnaire.
Rubric Reference- Adequacy & Feasibility of Design: Needs Improvement
Data Collection Methods:
A study on this subject has been done by using both primary and secondary research. Primary research encompasses questionnaire and interviews. The data for the research will be carried out by using the two sources primary and secondary. He primary sources will be the questionnaires which will be distributed among the respondents and the results will be represented quantativly through the use of graphical presentations. The respondents of the questionnaire will be the people who have suffered from psychotic disorders. It will help us to understand the problems they have faced during treatments from either public or private healthcare facilities. Interviews will be conducted from people associated with healthcare profession and government policy makers to understand their point of view with respect to this issue. Secondary research will be performed through articles from known journals, reports, and cases The literature and evidence will be gathered and analyzed and extracted to form opinion and support our research questions and objectives. The factors that impact the public health care and social policy will be researched through the secondary literature. More than 30 articles for.’’ renowned journals along with Harvard business review articles and cases will be studied for the research. This approach is called the case study approach throught which the data will be studied.
Rubric Reference- Adequacy & Feasibility of Design: Needs Improvement
Intended Audience:
The audience of the research study consists of organizations, employees of health organizations and professionals that are directly linked with mental health. All of them will be engaged in research work and information will be collected from them through semi-structured interviews. The viewers of research will include people from both private and government mental health institutions in order to analyze the differences between their performances. The data will be gathered from primary and secondary resources. The analysis will help to cover every aspect necessary in this research and achieving underlying objectives of the research.
Rubric Reference- Potential for Learning: Very Good
Limitations:
There are certain limitations that can be faced while working this research study. These includes:
- Reporting biases on the part of respondents of the questionnaire.
- Time limitation can restrict the scope of the study and sample size
- The sample size and distribution of gender might have an influence on the consequence of the results.
Schedule:
In order to complete the research, the work will be divided into different sections and each section would be completed in an appropriate time. The schedule for this research will be as follows:
Rubric Reference- Timeline: Very Good
Mentoring:
Peggy Tally had been by mentor throughout the research project. We had three meetings and she had been very supportive. Her role as y supervisor and mentor is negligible. The designing of the questionnaire would not have been possible without her guide and I could not have accomplished this far.
All other rubric references:
Rubric Reference- Likelihood for Success: Needs Improvement
Rubric Reference- Originality: Needs Improvement (you need to clearly articulate how this is original)
Rubric Reference- Budget: Not Applicable
Rubric Reference- Role, Involvement and Activities of Student and Faculty Mentor: Unclear
As you can see by these comments, you are doing well in some areas, but need to improve others. I would suggest that you work on thisand we schedule an appointment ASAP.
FP Draft Grade: Accepted by Revise for Passing Grade
References:
Ahmed, H. U., Mullick, M., Alam, F., Nahar, J. S., Chowdhury, N. F., Hamid, M. A., & Rabbani, G. (2011). Management of Psychotic Depression in Bangladesh. BMRC Bulletin, 46-50.
Altheide, D. L. (1996). Qualitative Media Analysis. Thousand Oaks: SAGE publications.
Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research.
Burgess, R. G. (2002). In the field: An introduction to field research.
Chapman, A. (2014). The Impact of Reliance on Private Sector Health Services on the Right to Health. Health and Human Rights Journal, 122-134.
De Menil, V. P., Knapp, M., McDaid, D., &Njenga, F. G. (2014). Service use, charge, and access to mental healthcare in a private Kenyan inpatient setting: the effects of insurance. PLOS One, 1-7.
De Lisle, J. (2011). The Benefits And Challenges Of Mixing Methods And Methodologies:Lessons Learnt From Implementing Qualitatively Led Mixed Methods Research Designs In Trinidad And Tobago. Carribean Curriculum, 87-120.
Fournier, O. (2011). The Status of Mental Health Care in Ghana, West Africa and Signs of Progress in the Greater Accra Region. Berkeley Undergraduate Journal, 9-34.
Holsti, O. (1969). Content analysis for the social sciences and humanities.
Hussein, A. (2009). The use of Triangulation in Social Sciences Research: Can qualitative and quantitative methods be combined? Journal of Comparative Social Work, 1-12.
Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative Science Quarterly , 602-611.
Kabanoff, B., Waldersee, R., & Cohen, M. (1995). Espoused values and organizational change themes. Academy of Management Journal, 1075-1104.
Martins, D. C. (2008). Experiences of Homeless People in the Health Care Delivery System: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study. Public Health Nursing, 420-430.
MHCC. (2010). Making the Case for Investing in Mental Health in Canada. Mental Health Care Commission of Canada.
Ofori-Atta, A. (2010). A situation analysis of mental health services and legislation in Ghana: challenges for transformation .African Journal of Psychiatry, 99-108.
Pelzang, R. (2012). Mental health care in Bhutan: policy and issues. WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health , 339-346.
Rasiah, R., Abdullah, R. N., &Tumin, M. (2011). Markets and Healthcare Services in Malaysia: Critical Issues. International Journal of Institutions and Economies , 476-486.
Scandura, T. A., & Williams, E. A. (2000). Research methodology in management: Current practices, trends, and implications for future research. Academy of Management journal, 1248-1264.
Thornicroft, G., &Tansella, M. (2003). What are the arguments for community-based mental health care? Copenhagen: World Health Organization.
Trotta, C., Lang, U. E., &Schneeberger, A. R. (2013). Mental health care across two nations – Switzerland and the United States of America. Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 165-169.
Upshur, C. C. (2005). Crossing The Divide: Primary Care and Mental Health Integration. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 341-355.
Uwakwe, R., Modebe, I., Njelita, I., &Ezeama, N. (2012). Direct Cost of Treating Acute Psychotic Episodes in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria .Orient Journal of Medicine, 10-17.
