Cardiovascular Diseases (CDV) Prevention Plan for the AAW Rural Southwest Florida Aims
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in globally. According to the Florida department of health, the disease is preventable yet it causes the highest number of deaths in the the state of Florida (Brown, 2008). Prevention studies have been tackled to help improve the care for the people contacting t diseases. Effectiveness of the clinic has been improved while the risk factors of the disease are being put in check. The rate at which the disease is growing is alarming owing to an implementation plan to help curb the advances of the disease. Before preventing the disease, the causes of the illness are an essential part of the prevention package. Heart diseases and stroke are the highest components of the first and third leading causes of death in the United States. The management of the illness and patients has been on the high alert in the government’s heart association (Arnold et al, 2005). The aim of this implementation plan is to promote guidelines for major and minor prevention of heart diseases and stroke. Increasing the access to quality care in funded community healthcare centers is cardinal to eliminate the disparities. Priority is always given to areas where there is high prevalence of the diseases. Having several training centers in the state of Florida will help handle the clinical practice guidelines. Incorporation of the chronic care model in the federal funded care centers is a goal that has to be implemented in order to handle the people with the cardiovascular diseases alongside other chronic diseases in a primary care situation. Partnerships with the state primary care association and the federally funded health centers will be done to improve continuity of care (Arnold et al, 2005). The implementation plan is going to tackle partnerships mapping the program process linking patients in order to have standardized care of quality.
Background and Significance
Prevalence of the CVDs in the AAW is showing high ratings today. Research shows that the AAW are the most vulnerable bunch when it comes to the heart ailments, stroke, and any other cardiac related malady (Brown, 2008). This is propelled by their lives and the choices in their daily routines. According to disease prevention centers there is reason to believe that the rate of the cardiovascular diseases in the AAW population in Florida increased greatly (Brown, 2008). The physiological and the cultural factors make the population of African American women have problems with obesity, pressure of the blood, overweight tendencies, and other factors that are promoters of the CVDs are pronounced in the AAW population. This means if the other Caucasian and Hispanics have an increase in obesity and overweight, there is a worse situation on the AAW. Heart ailments and stroke, are a principal cause of death for both men and women. Amid the most prevalent and expensive physical condition facing our nation today, CVD is the one topping the list. According to the National Heart and Stroke Prevention (NHDSP), an estimated 935,000 heart attacks and 795,000 strokes occur annually (Parra-Medina et al, 2011). This means that a person dies of heart ailments in every four deaths in the country. On the other hand, a death from stroke is experienced in every four minutes. CVD record the highest cause of disability in the United States. The rates of deaths do not signify the burden of the CVD (Parra-Medina et al, 2011). In the year 2010 alone, there was a recorded cost of 400 billion on CVDs. These include the heart ailments and stroke. It is estimated that a dollar in every six is spent on the cardiovascular ailments in the country. The population in the country is slowly aging and the economic impact of the cardiovascular diseases will grow greatly. The significance of this implementation is to make sure the population is able to handle the rise in the disease index. With a disease that has high prevalence, the state will suffer more spending in the control of the disease. Consequently, the objective of this implementation is to make sure the state has programs that are comprehensive in the management of the CVD issues (Winham & Jones, 2011). The causes of CVDS are many and addressing the lifestyle changes, calorie intake, components of food and obesity which contribute to its prevalence.
Research Design and Methods
The research design is composed of community based research, tobacco control, healthy diet, and a physical activity program. The mortality rate of the cardiovascular diseases may change with case fatality or both the disease incidence and case fatality in the southwest Florida region (Turner et al, 1995). As the disease incidence affected by risk factors and management affects case fatality, the implementation of the plan will work on reducing the disease incidence and case fatality in the region (Yanek ET AL., 2001). It will control and transform risk factors, make an improvement in managing and follow up of patients suffering from the CVDs.
Methods
Study design
Florida has recorded an increase in the rate at which its population is suffering from the CVDs. The AAW in the southwest part of Florida is the most prevalent to the disease (Turner et al, 1995). The study design is forged to look into the disparities that the state experiences. Looking into the risk factors that Florida is facing, there is a way to curb the risks and implementing a healthy living plan in the state. From a previous survey the AAW in the region that were diagnosed of the sickness, 19% were current smokers while a tenth of the population was diagnosed with the CDVs were also smokers. On the other hand, the rate of obesity and overweight population is on the higher side owing to the high rates of CVDs. The survey shows that the highest frequency in smoking is with the black community (Brown, 2008). The risks are modifiable and that is where the implementation plan comes. The population of the black women records a high frequency in the contact of the disease. Therefore the risk contingency plan will start from the higher risk recorded areas and trickles down to lower risk areas. Managing the rise of obesity will partly help in the lowering the rates of these diseases (Young ET AL, 2005). High blood pressure is a disease that is supposed to be maintained and since it is a risk that is modifiable, the patients with these problems will have to be monitored for any rise in blood pressure in order to avert any incident of stroke (Turner et al, 1995).
Evidence based program
The frequency of the AAW to have all high rates of unhealthy tendency lead to the pilot program deal with the recruiting of the population that was willing to have clinical trials on a lifestyle that will be a substitute to their normal lives (Littleton et al, 2011). This in turn was observed in a systematic approach where the volunteers were put in a physical activity log every once a week. This was supplemented with church since it was discovered that the population is religious. The church endorsed the healthy living routines making the routines easy to implement. The groups of AAW were in a program where their smoking habits were discouraged and enjoyable exercise routines given to them in order to help in their exercise habits . It is noted that the obesity rate rose due to the lack of exercise the community finds enjoyable. The objectives of the evidence based program is to reduce the percentage of the adults who have a high blood pressure, and high cholesterol and increase the number of people volunteering in the CDVs self management programs that are evidence based in the community and the health facilities. In the end, the evidence-based program will help educate the population on the lifestyle to have in order to improve their health and decrease the prevalence towards obesity and high cholesterol tendencies (Turner et al, 1995).
Community based care
The implementation plan is designed to be a community-based plan that facilitates the communities in the implementation plans for better primary care provision in the region. It is evident that the primary care practitioners attend to the highest number of patients in any state hence their relevance in their implementation plans. Their ability to help follow up the progresses are better compared to any means available. This is due to their relationship created from regular visits by the patients (Parra-Medina et al, 2011). Intervention in the community structure is more effective for the patients feel the care is aimed at helping their individual needs giving a good feedback and cooperation. The community-based program’s strategy is to have a partnership with the Florida Department of Education and the American Heart Association by harnessing funds for resources in the education of the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles. Community-wide efforts, extensive, greatly evident, conclusive campaigns with messages endorsed to huge audiences via varied media that includes movie theaters, television, radio, billboards, newspapers, and mailings (Brown, 2008). The implementation plan will develop policies that will evaluate the entire community focusing on the results culminating from the education programs around the community at the same time the monitoring the major and minor prevention of CVDs plans (Parra-Medina et al, 2011). The plan will also keep in mind the therapy sessions for the people in the community to help incorporate the priorities in the blood pressure control and the reduction of cholesterol in the community. Consequently, the program will be in routine education of the heart failure and stroke education programs to ensure they are in a better position to handle their events easily.
Socio-ecological approach
The disparities are the problems associated with diets that are poor, groups of people, ethnicity and education levels. Information from Healthy people 2010 shows that the physical inactivity, weight recordings, breastfeeding and intake of vegetable varies from race to ethnicity to gender, education level and age. These make the AAW a subject of study since they have the highest data on the CVDs frequency (Turner et al, 1995). The financial load of the deprived diets, physical inactivity and obesity is significant. The three are essential risk factors that develop CVDs, cancers, stroke, and diabetes. These are illness with a high affinity to premature death (Parra-Medina et al, 2011). The goal of the implementation is to ensure the people who have risks that are the AAW will have a prevented outcome in the disease through healthier habits and social influences. Consequently, the patients with CVDs are catered for in order to cope with the conditions in order to control the condition. In the end, they will increase their physical activity and establish more healthful diet patterns (Turner et al, 1995). Organizing the public resources and distinguishing reliable, realistic, ethnically appropriate, and logically sound nutrition and physical activity communication delivered via health professionals, schools. Also the media grocery stores, parks and entertaining facilities and programs, food service operations, and other relevant channels. This will grow the culture of good health habits (Brown, 2008).
Overview and Design of the pilot program
The implementation plan is designed to handle the rising rates of cardiovascular diseases in southwest of Florida. Generally, the plan is to help eradicate bad habits that increase the prevalence of the CVDs in the AAW community. The plan is to conduct in the community setup giving the AAW a chance to volunteer in the project by helping the plan work. With cooperation from the AAW, the running of the prevention plan will be swift due to the joint effort from the community and the plan. The plan will entail a three-method approach that includes the evidence-based program, socioeconomic approach and the community-based approach (Arthur, 2004). The three will give a comprehensive outlook in the plan implementation. The design of the plan is based on the structuring of community based restore points where the patients can come visit and have checkups that will help in the creating a culture. The pilot program will take place in two months before the main project trickles down for a period of 10 months. The conclusive reports will help the project run smoothly in the rest of the month. The project will address the cultures that are regressing in the community and replace them with habits that will improve the community in health, lifestyle, physical activity and socioeconomic aspects of life (Parra-Medina et al, 2011). With this in line they are legible for a longer life that they attain through their own initiative after a learning the habits which will increase their mortality. Slowly the habits will develop into the culture the AAW did not have.
Site of the Pilot plan
The site of the plan is the rural southwest of Florida. The location was selected for the concentrations of the AAW who are affected by the CVDs. On the other hand, the availability of education in the area is not very inclusive towards the population (Brown, 2008). Illiteracy is one of the propellers of the CVDs in the region hence the education included in the prevention of the CVDs implementation plan will help in making the population have an extensive knowledge on the effects of certain lifestyles. This site is the best to infuse a new lifestyle and culture since that is the most effective way to handle the prevailing situation of CVDs in the site.
Target population
The target population for the implementation plan is the African American Women from the ages of 19-35, 35- 55 and 55- late 80. These groups will be recruited from the community-based clinics in order to have a healthy track of the participants of the plan. The population will ensure there is no group that is left out in the adult bracket.
Sample size
The sample size of the plan will comprise of groups of 7-10 per group. Five groups are subjects of the plan; they are selected from all status in the community. The selection from the community will make sure there is right population coverage and finding of great reach is a crucial aspect of the plan for implementing good habits in the population.
Sample population
The first sample of the population is the age between the ages of thirty-five and fifty-five. The plan will access their responses to the evidence-based program that incorporates the physical and medical aspects of the implementation plan. They will give the skeleton of the whole plan. All individual rights will be upheld and if the participant feels something is uncomfortable, they are not liable to answer (Frank et al, 2008).
Staff training
Before the program starts, the community-based practitioners are required to participate in workshops intended to offer the health care professional with the background and information necessary to conduct the intervention program. In addition to this, there will be more support information from the Florida Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention database to refer if nothing worked out as planned.
Data collection
The community-based practitioners alongside aided gadgets like cameras will do data collection. The cameras will be used to interview the participants on the process of the plan in order to improve on the weak points in the plan (Lamonte, Ainsworth, & Durstine, 2005). The footages will be in direct scrutiny to find the weak points in the patient too for encouraging them. The facilitators and clinic staff will do sampling of the information (Arthur et al, 2004). The guidelines will be availed for the practitioners in order to have a reference point while the plan is on the pilot until it is implemented (Lamonte, Ainsworth & Durstine, 2005). Informed permission is incurred when a participant avails at the community-based health center. Participants are required to fast for 12hours preceding the assessments. They were to bring all health records, prescriptions and non prescribed drugs used frequently (Kurian, 2008). This was to make sure the introduction of new methods would be a new fresh start for all participants. The aim is to look into the reaction of the medicine alongside the methods employed in the plan.
Data analysis
Analysis of the whole plan will be done after the collection and stored for future use. Using steady assessment on the age groups, the information is coalesced to the key themes that summarized the data. The qualitative researchers will review the transcripts and coding validated at both early and late stages of the analysis. The analysis being a 12 month full plan will have a substantial amount of data and evidence that makes the whole process credible. Conclusive results will come from the process. Graphical Means and standard deviation and frequencies will be crucial determinants in the data (Williams et al, 2008). The analyses will be inclusive to ensure an extensive research base of the plan.
Conclusion
The implementation plan will run with the intent to develop new lifestyles in the long run change the direction of the CVDs direction in the lives of the African American Women in the southwest of Florida. The basic idea of the prevention plan will educate the population on the wisest ways to live their lives without the worry of premature deaths. In general, the implementation of the plan will be a guide for a life that is destructive into a life that is fulfilling and healthy in all aspects.
Chart 1. Black men and women are most likely to have heart failure, high blood pressure, and stroke; black women are also more likely than other women to have CVDs.The chart show the prevalence in cardiovascular diseases in Florida.
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