Assignment 1 – Developing your ideas
Research Problem
Obesity has been a health issue to most middle aged men and older men for the last three decades. This issue has increased in many countries and researchers have been looking for a solution to the problem. One of the main health problem caused by obesity is stroke and cardiovascular problems. Researchers have found a reprieve in vitamin d supplements and other constituents to be useful in reducing stroke among middle aged males.Vitamin D is a highly required nutrient in nutrition. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent condition that has claimed the lives of so many people. Such deficiencies cause diseases that include osteoporosis in adults, rickets in children and stroke.
This research needs to be conducted in order to establish the role of Vitamin D supplements in controlling illnesses. This research has been conducted before on a randomized control that produced substantial information. It is more of an opportunity in order to identify the best solution for the research. Research indicates that it is essential to have optimal levels of Vitamin D to sustain the functioning of body organs. Such organs include the cardiovascular system that is responsible for the supply of blood throughout the body. This body system risks being affected by the cardiovascular disease that is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D. This is a risk factor that can result to cardiovascular diseases associated with diabetes, vascular inflammation, and hypertension. This research has followed resultant research that indicate that low intake of vitamin D is harmful (Wang, 2013) . Research also indicates that adults who took milk frequently experienced less attacks of stroke that those who disliked milk.Vitamin D supplements are associated with a decrease in cases of stroke among adults.
What is already known
Epidemiological research studies indicate that vitamin D supplements are associated with a reduction in cases of blood pressure. The research also proves that vitamin D supplements are essential in controlling mild cases of hypertension. Dietary calcium and vitamin D supplements are also proven to be effective in the digestion and metabolism of lipids. Studies show that excessive intake of calcium or the vitamin D supplements could also be detrimental to human health. High intake of calcium intakes can have a number of consequences on the health of the consumers. Intake of vitamin d supplements reduces the risk of diseases associated with the cardiovascular system (Wang, 2013). It has a direct effect to hypertension due to its ability to reduce its severe effects. Hypertension causes adverse effects on the heart which makes the nervous system vulnerable. This effect makes the body vulnerable to stroke attacks which could turn fatal. Such diseases include blood pressure, stroke, and other illnesses linked to hypertension.
It is essential to establish the effect of vitamin D supplements, and milk on the risk of stroke. The research findings are based on investigations carried out on middle aged and older obese males. This research was conducted in a space of 22 years of activities of the research. The analysis of the investigations was limited to adults aged between 55 and 68 years of age. Evidence indicate that most These diseases are mostly known to attack middle aged and older adults (Robert, 1996). Youths and young adults are not vulnerable and are not likely to be considered for investigations.
Gap in knowledge
The deficiency of dietary calcium and Vitamin D supplements can be blamed on increased incidents of bone fractures. Decreased and insufficient vitamin D in the body is responsible for the loss of bone mineral density. Insufficient vitamin D in the body is responsible for an increase in impaired muscular function and cardiovascular risks (Robert, 1996). This study was meant to examine the levels of vitamin in stroke patients. The trial was conducted to establish the effect of developing a hypocalcaemia (calcium deficiency) after the administration of biophosphonates to patients with vitamin D deficiency. An assessment of vitamin D and its repletion is necessary in order to establish its effects on stroke. This is achieved by conducting a randomized test to establish the blood pressure, BMI and 25-hydroxy vitamin D level before and after the intervention of vitamin D supplements.
The study methods involve investigating serum samples extracted from over forty patients with a history of stroke attack. The patients were independently mobile and could take part in various activities this study was conducted in a period of thirty days. Vitamin D supplements are rich in potassium and sodium which are consistent with different health levels (Poole et al. 2013). Consumption of the vitamin D supplements was also responsible for changing consumption levels of alcohol. This is a positive move towards the reduction of stroke and other diseases associated with deficiency of vitamin D. Findings of a research conducted in the Honolulu heart Institute for patients with stroke issues produced mixed results. Many patients who were found to use dietary calcium and vitamin D supplements showed good results after the examinations.
Research Question
Can intake of vitamin D supplements help in reducing the risk of stroke among middle age obese males of ages between 50-60 years?
A study to establish the effects of vitamin D supplements on patients showed a reduction in stroke cases. Statistics show that the intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D supplements are significantly low in adult men. This is about 600 mgs of the quantities of the estimated quantities. Most men who consumed lower quantities of calcium rich foods such as milk were at a lower risk (Poole et al. 2013) The recommended intake of vitamin D supplements for men aged 25 years to 65 years is about 1000mg/d. Men who consume smaller amounts of the supplements are vulnerable and can be attacked by cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Most men who were examined in the Honolulu heart program were attacked by stroke. This is because the men had lower intake of dietary intake of vitamin D supplements. They took low amounts of foods such as milk than other men who lived in the surrounding areas. The consumption of milk and other vitamin D supplements in the United States is considerably low for old men.
What needs to be known
Low intake of vitamin D supplements for men who are prone to cardiovascular diseases and stroke is a health risk. The effects of stroke attack are more on men with vitamin D deficiencies than other men. Other research studies indicate that the intake of calcium was unrelated to the risk of stroke and other diseases. These results were established despite the proof that vitamin D supplements from diary sources were effective in reducing stroke (Handbook of vitamin d in human health: Prevention, treatment and toxicity, 2013). This result is attributed to the fact that there was no protective compound found in milk and other foods. The intake of vitamin D supplements is essential in establishing its effects on a number of patients. This is a proof that the intake of vitamin D supplements is essential for the prevention of stroke. This can be concluded that the consumption of milk is inconsequential to the reduction of stroke. The intake of milk without the vitamin D supplements does not translate into the prevention of stroke.
Project aims and objectives
The aims of this research are ; to establish the role of vitamin d supplements in reducing stroke among middle aged obese male and to establish the effects of excessive intake of vitamin d supplements and dietary calcium.
Expected benfits
The main expectation is to reduce cases and the effects of hypertension in reducing caes of stroke. Milk and dietary calcium is attributed to the reduction in the cases of blood pressure which is also a health risk. Milk is essential in providing protection against cardiovascular events that are mainly the consequence of hypertension. These benefits are increasingly seen in the reduction in stroke cases with increased consumption of milk (Fritz & Speroff, 2013). This effect is mainly seen after the cases of hypertension are reduced. Studies show that controlled levels of hypertension are likely to translate to reduced cases of stroke. Cases of stroke are a consequence of persistent efforts to control hypertension and other cardiovascular events. It is essential to establish the link between the reduction of hypertension and milk consumption in reducing stroke. Vitamin D supplements are essential in the control of stroke and other cardiovascular events in association to other risk factors. The reduction of risk factors such as hypertension through vitamin D supplements shows a positive consequence in controlling stroke. It is also beneficial to the community because many members of the community would be able to maintain health lifestyles. Patients are encouraged to take milk and vitamin D supplements to ensure that they are safe from disease attacks.
References
Fritz, M. A., & Speroff, L. (2010). Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Handbook of vitamin d in human health: Prevention, treatment and toxicity. (2013). Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publ.
Poole, E.S., Loveridge, N., Barker, J., Halsall, J., Rose, C., Reeve, J., Warburton, A. (2005). Reduced Vitamin D in Acute Stroke. Stroke, Vol. 2005(37): 243-245. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000195184.24297. Retrieved from <http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/37/1/243.full.pdf>
Robert D. Abbott, D. Curb, D., Rodriguez. , Sharp., S, Burchfield, M., Yano, K. (1996). Effect of Dietary Calcium and Milk Consumption on Risk of Thromboembolic Stroke in Older Middle-aged Men. Stroke, Vol. 1996 (27): 813-818 doi: 10.1161/01.STR.27.5.813. Retrieved from <http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/27/5/813.long>
Wang, C. (2013). Role of Vitamin D in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Journal of Diabetes Research. Vol. 2013, 10 pages. doi.org/10.1155/2013/243934. Retrieved from <http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2013/243934/>
