Part 1
Services and facilities were officially segregated and the law of segregation postulated that services and facilities were separated along racial lines. The fate of the blacks in the segregated South was defined by outright mistreatment, lynching and lack of the basic needs. That made them inferior to their white counterparts. There were a lot of prohibitions that marginalized the minority groups not necessarily just the blacks. The Chinese Exclusion Act that came into being prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country.
The African American woman, just like other minority groups and their male counterparts were largely affected by racial discrimination. One of the best moves to counter this discrimination came in the wake of the establishment of The Woman’s Era newspaper that sought to highlight the challenges the African American women were facing. Together with the Rise of the American Federation of Labor, these movements were out to help address the plight of the rest of the Americans who had been excluded from enjoying the fruits of freedom and liberty that a section of the population was enjoying.
Part 2
Both the populist and progressive Movements were instituted to champion for and bring about change. Their only difference is that whereas the Populist Movement was formed by farmers to champion for change in the economic system, the Progressive Movement was started by the middle class who wanted to bring about a much-needed change in the political system. The populist movement saw the farmers in rural areas come together with the sole aim of protecting themselves against the interests of the industrialists and bankers. The progressive movement targeted people living in urban areas and was keen on fighting against unfair elections, the exploitation of workers as well as eliminating corruption in business.
The progressive movement was more successful than the populist movement because most of its policies were developed from the policies of the populists. The movement used most of the reforms that were instituted by the populists, and many of these policies had been widely acknowledged by the population (Banaszak 198). The best policy used by the progressive movement was that it used legislation and courts. They also used influential and learned personalities drawn from universities; these people had the power to influence to bring about progressive democracy.
The city was a central place for the progressive movement in the United States for the simple reason that it commanded a huge following from the middle class who were highly concentrated in the cities. The cities were also ideal because they had the facilities that remained to be very important in their work. The laws, universities and other institutions were situated in cities. To champion for local and state reforms, the progressive movement needed to have easy access to their supports too. The change had to be championed from the cities and not farms.
Part 3
The African American living in the south by 1900 were facing a myriad of challenges, economically, socially, politically and even in education. They had limited education and had not been offered a chance to get a basic education; that meant that their possibility of social mobility was at the bare minimum. Black life in the South became affected by the liberties they were accorded, the locals, as well as the state governments, decided to pass the laws of segregation that clearly spelled out the fact that blacks were never equal.
Following the segregation policies and the rise of lynching, the blacks embarked on moving from the highly affected areas to habitable places. One such movement is famously referred to as the Kansas Exodus that saw the movement of blacks from states bordering the Mississippi River to Kansas (Alexander, 32). That led to an immense decline of black politics because there were no numbers to support any political movement in the south.
As it turns out, legal segregation came into being after 1877, in fact, participating in an electoral process was nullified and the doors to their political participation had been officially closed. They could not even have a voice in the way business was conducted in the places they lived. It had almost become possible for poor blacks and whites to form coalitions that could fight for their right but then that was shattered. The legal disfranchisement of the African American community meant they had no voice in anything whatsoever, but could do whatever they were told without questioning.
Works Cited
Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Color Blindness. New York: The new Press, 2013. Print
Banaszak, lee Ann. Why Movements Succeed or Fail: Opportunity, Culture and the For Woman Suffrage. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. Print
