1. Steps involved in decision making.
Decision making starts with identifying the purpose of the decision, followed by informing the gathering for brainstorming and analyzing the options, then selecting the best alternative which is followed by an executive decision and last is the evaluation of the results.
2. Different ways of making decisions.
Different ways of making decisions are autocratic rule, consultative decision, majority rule, unanimous vote, participative decision or consensus decision.
3. Judgment shortcuts during in decision making.
A mental shortcut that is referred to as heuristics, is the process allows people in making decisions quicker. It involves considering the important features of the options and evaluating each option.
4. Advantages and disadvantages of group decision making?
While making a decision as a group, all members get an opportunity to listen the various opinions about the issue from the other members. There is diversity in ideas and more opinions which can help to make a sound decision. The disadvantage is that with many opinions and many voices it might be hard to find consensus.
5. Group think and group shift?
Group think describes circumstances in which member's pressures for conformity prevent the group form critically appraising unpopular views. Group shifts indicate that discussing a set alternatives and arriving at solution, group members tend to exaggerate the initial position that they hold.
6. Creativity.
Being creative is solving a problem in a new way by changing one’s perspective on what needs to be done to achieve quality. Since creativity is the originality of thoughts, anyone can be creative.
Ethical Decision Making
1.The criteria used in making an ethical decision.
Approaches that guide the making an ethical decisions are justice approach, individualism, moral rights approach and utilitarian approach. Under utilitarian approach, the decision maker considered the effect of the alternative decisions of all the concerned parties and chose the one that optimizes the majority.Individual approach is the pursuit of personal best interest. Moral rights approach asserts the fundamental rights and liberties of all the people. Justice approach treats seek to treat the involved people equally.
Corporate Social Responsibility1.corporate social responsibility.
Corporate social responsibility is the continuing obligation by corporates to behave ethically and contribute to the economic growth while improving the standards of life of the staff as well as of the resident community. It encompasses how the companies make their money and how they use them. It is more than philanthropy and compliance, it addresses how organizations manage their social, environmental and economic impacts; their public policy, the market, supply chain, the community and the working conditions.
