Nanotechnology is the subject of most research and it is developing rapidly. It produces potential improvements and great innovations in any aspects of life. By definition, nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology that is conducted at the nanoscale about 1 to 100 nanometers. Extremely, it is the study and application of small things utilized all the other sciences; physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering. Specifically, the innovation produces new and improved treatments, cleaner, safer, and faster manufacturing, increased life-cycle of products, smaller and quicker devices, and more. As a result, it is useful to the socioeconomic and environmental effects; however, certain advantages may occur. Correspondingly, the advantages can be avoided with proper information from further research and debate. Despite some difficulties, nanotechnology is significant to every individual; scientist, researcher, professional, government, and the public. In the United States, the growth in the global nanotechnology dominates fast; it indicates approximately 33 percent of all the nanotechnology patents awarded from 1990 to 2004, respectively. The nanotechnology represents the rich areas of workforce and the economy. In addition, Japan is awarded second place about 19 percent of the overall patents during the period. At present, scientists and engineers always finding an extensive variety of means to purposely create materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of the enhanced properties. Nanotechnology is a fact of today and a future of tomorrow’s generations.
Nanotechnology builds advancements through research and new techniques. The new techniques being developed to allow matter at the nanoscale for more research or study. The basic nanoscience research, the applications of nanotechnology deliver the expected and unexpected ways on the benefits of nanotechnology in the society. Nanotechnology helps improve and revolutionize significantly many technologies and industry areas such as environmental science, information technology, medicine, energy, food safety, transportation, homeland security, and more. The rapidly growing list of benefits and applications of nanotechnology are inevitable.
In materials and processes applications, the benefits of nanotechnology depend on the essential structures of materials at the nanoscale to achieve specific properties. The utilization of nanotechnology in every material can create lighter, stronger, durable, better electrical conductors, more reactive, and other traits. For example, the nanoscale additives in the polymer, thin films on eyeglasses, surface treatments of fabrics, materials in cosmetic products, computer and camera displays, automotive products, materials in the food industry, superior household products, and ceramic coatings. It implies that the improvements in nanotechnology lead to innovative progress and new technologies in engineering and science. Particularly, the remarkable development of nanotechnology provides a deep understanding of nanoscale physics. The nanoscale physics control the system properties and finds new materials and technologies that are applicable to novel energy systems . Simply, nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field of research and development identified as a major priority in different countries worldwide.
In the electronics and information technology applications, the nanotechnology is already used in many computing, communications, and other electronics. The applications provide smaller, faster, and portable systems that manage and store larger information or data. For example, the nanoscale transistors, the displays for new televisions, laptop computers, cell phones, digital cameras, magnetic random access memory, and other computing and electronic products. It demonstrates that the nanotechnology research evolves toward application-driven fundamental explorations. The key technical goal is the union of novel nanotechnologies and development of frameworks leading to optimization and upgrade for a wide range of applications.
The emergence of nanotechnology results in more advances in the medical and health applications. Particularly, the current application lies the promise of incorporating nanosized robotics in medical and surgical practice. For example, the Nanorobotics is the manufacture of smart nanodevices that can subsequently be exploited for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The nanosized particles incorporate successfully in the modern surgical practice; it offers novel minimally invasive imaging techniques, provides a basis for the development of engineered organs, and improves the drug delivery systems. Similarly, the abundant Nanomedicine strategies are now being assessed to improve drug delivery that includes nanoparticles and liquid-based drug nanocarriers. Effectively, many nanoformulations absorb and concentrate in tissues through passive targeting, developing the physicochemical characteristics, the specific properties of the tissues of interest, pathogens and cancer cells.
Moreover, in the field of medicine, nanotechnology directs the manipulation of matter at the nanometer level and the application of nanomedicine. Locally and systematically, many researchers developed a variety of nanomedicines for diagnosis, prevention, and cure of different diseases. For example, in dentistry, the drug loaded nanopharmaceuticals is based on nanomaterials that are utilized comprehensively over the years in order to cure dental problems and facilitate the attainment of a near-perfect oral hygiene. In relation to the near future, the nanotechnology is expected to discover its application in all the specializations of dentistry that ranges from the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers to the development of colloidal suspensions and contains millions of active analgesic micron-size dental robots resulting in the patients’ anesthesia.
In the environmental remediation applications, the nanotechnology provides benefits in the alternative fuel and energy sources and lighter cars and machinery. The nanotechnology produces many eco-friendly applications; the materials that provide clean water from polluted water sources (large-scale and portable applications) and detect and clean up environmental contaminants. For example, many researchers discovered unexpected magnetic interactions between ultrasmall specks of rust that can help remove arsenic or carbon tetrachloride from water. In the future, through further research, the nanoparticles can clean industrial water pollutants in ground water through chemical reactions at much lower cost than pumping the water out of the ground for treatment. Additionally, one day, with the help of the scientists, the new nanotechnology-enabled sensors and solutions to detect, to identify, filter out, and neutralize the harmful chemical or biological agents in the air and soil with much higher sensitivity. All over the world, researchers are investigating possible ways to develop the nanotechnology and more beneficial to the society for the next generations.
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