1. The planning model used in the selected article is intervention-mapping model. Intervention mapping is a useful model that, in order to guide intervention development, uses the principles of literature review, interviewing of key informants and discussion with community health workers. Qualitative data was also combined with behavioral models of diabetic self-management to form a peer support intervention (Weijman, Ros, Rutten, Schaufeli, Schabracq, & Winnubst, 2005).
2. Program planners followed all the steps of the model that were outlined in the weekly reading. The activities done at each step are explained below:
Step 1: needs Assessment: need assessment comprised of a literature review of different diabetic programs, field experience on a national level, and local need assessment. In a literature review, review of the diabetic program was conducted by the United States. It was found during the review that roles, training methods, and responsibilities varied across the programs and were not specific to the context. During field experience, interviews were conducted with program managers of diabetic advisor programs. These interviews allowed the further in-depth explorations of barriers to implementation of programs. Interviews results indicated that program managers and advisors are susceptible to stress, and he positions are prone to benefits, both non-monetary and monetary. In local need assessment, the study was conducted on the African American adult population who are prone to diabetic conditions.
Step 2: identify outcomes and change objectives: in this step, results obtained from step 1 were used to determine outcomes and change objectives. In this step, patient-centered outcomes wee also considered which included quality of life, stress, and depression.
Step 3: selecting theory-based methods and practical strategies: multiple complementary theories were combined to provide the theoretical foundation for the study. These theories included social cognitive theories, adult learning theories, health belief model and social networks and supports. For intervention deliveries, practice; strategies were based on an assessment of literature and existing peer-based programs.
Step 4: developing the program: a four-week pilot was conducted for training intervention and to do so, two peer advisors and 7 participants from a community health center were trained and recruited (Cherrington, et al., 2012).
3. The need to from a sustainable partnership and the needs of the target community were determined by increasing focus on transforming and applying interventions to real-world settings. Furthermore, the 6-step intervention mapping model resulted in a peer-delivered diabetic self-management program that was largely responsive o needs of the target community (Cherrington, et al., 2012).
4. A generalized model is used in teaching most basic principles of planning and evaluation that are included in most of the planning models. It is not a new model but just a reflection of what is present in most program-planning model.
The steps of the generalized model are needs assessment, setting goals and objectives, development of the intervention, implementation of intervention and evaluation of results (McKenzie, Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein, Pinger, & McKen, 2014). All these steps are closely related to the steps used in intervention mapping model. Moreover, the process of assessment of programs effectiveness and achievements of objectives in intervention mapping is done in the way similar to that of the generalized model (Beaufort B. Longest, 2014).
5. Intervention mapping model would provide a good fit for the suggested health promotion program proposal since it adept to planning situations in a highly professional context. Furthermore, the intervention model also assists in leading planning tasks and provides the insight into the basic sequence of the planning process (Eldredge, Parcel, Kok, Gottlieb, & Fernández, 2011).
References
Beaufort B. Longest, J. (2014). Health Program Management: From Development Through Evaluation. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Cherrington, A., Martin, M. Y., Hayes, M., Halanyc, J. H., Wright, M. A., Appel, S. J., et al. (2012). Intervention Mapping as a Guide for the Development of a Diabetes Peer Support Intervention in Rural Alabama. Preventing Chronic Disease .
Eldredge, L. K., Parcel, G. S., Kok, G., Gottlieb, N. H., & Fernández, M. E. (2011). Planning Health Promotion Programs: An Intervention Mapping Approach. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
McKenzie, J. F., Hanson, G. R., Venturelli, P. J., Fleckenstein, A. E., Pinger, R. R., & McKen, J. F. (2014). An Introduction to Community & Public Health. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Weijman, I., Ros, W., Rutten, G., Schaufeli, W., Schabracq, M., & Winnubst, J. (2005). The role of work-related and personal factors in diabetes self-management. Patient Education Counsel , 87-96.
