According to Davies, there are several health issues around the world that should get appropriate attention concerning the infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Therefore, the international relations (IR) should approach the health issues while considering the security of individuals (globalists) and the states (statist). Davies argues that the problem does not show too many differences of the above perspectives (globalist and statist). However, the international relations can only afford to contribute and practice health issues through security languages. In addition, health issues should be taken seriously by the international relations and not for the sake of security, but to understand the political, social, and economic variables that are meant to shape health concerns and the effects on the political relations that occur between the individuals and the states.
Chapter one studies how international relation department has arrived at a conclusion of understanding the particular issues in global health. Similarly, the international politics regarding health has understood health issues based on the following viewpoints: statist that mainly focus on the public health to assure the stability of a nation and the globalist that focus on the security of the rights and freedoms of the individuals concerning their well-being in their respective states.
Statist perspective
The statist focuses on the duties of countries, and it seeks to recognize the origin of health in both foreign and defense policies. This perspective enquires how countries can respond to dangers of diseases and promote the international cooperation to eliminate any possible threats. Moreover, the analysis of statist adopts the use of security languages (Davies: 14). That is this perspective illustrates that health issues have to be addressed when they have effects on political, economic, and military security of any nation.
Globalist Perspective
The theory relates to the theory of human security. That is the relevant institutions that maintain good health should have a conceptualization of human rights to seek for a reordering on the way health is being pursued and understood. The disclosure of a globalist perspective usually begins with the needs of people who later take a consideration of how global players and structures influences the health of individuals in any state. Globalist considers factors that range from poverty and semi-illiteracy up to the activities of the nation including the harm that is caused by the international organizations and multinational companies. However, the state remains to be the key player, but the globalist will still view the state as a single organ from some actors even though the state have equal significant influences on the health of people (Davies: 14).
The globalists suggest that security has to be pursued while creating an awareness of the issues that normally make individuals insecure. In contrast, the statist perspective has offered a challenge to globalist perspective because the globalists are not able to maintain security while the statists have the capacity to provide necessities such as clean water and vaccines. Similarly, the statists have the ability to impose conditions of quarantine especially when there is an outbreak of disease epidemics. Therefore, the statist perspective is trying to emphasize on some priorities regarding national security as a prerequisite to proper health conditions. On the other hand, the globalists assert that priorities of the state should not exist since prospective systems of governance can protect the health of individuals. Consequently, states should only have value when they improve the health conditions of people (Davies: 14- 15).
In chapter four, Lisk has provided several insights concerning the role institutions around the globe that usually responds to an exceptional public health as a crisis of the world (Lisk: 144). Therefore, these effects are extending beyond the domain of the health that threatens economic, political, social, and security aims particularly at the world, nationals, and regional levels. Similarly, this chapter covers a range of issues that provides a general framework basically for contemplating on future developments and strategies. That is the policy is to promote the effectiveness of the world response to HIV and AIDS that is considered as the major epidemic and recently identified as the long wave epidemic.
According to this chapter, the author has pointed out some steps that have been taken regarding health issues, first, by addressing important subjects concerning the issues that have been learned from the success and challenges of previous efforts. This has been achieved particularly by revolving around the activities of the world health institutions. Secondly, the author has provided a clear and a better understanding regarding the recent developments and trends in the world HIV/AIDS prevalent and the teachings arising from the future requirements of the world response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
The chapter has illustrated the importance of the necessity for cooperation and the collaboration that exists between the donor nations and the affected countries that are broadly categorized as the Global North and the Global South.
The main idea of this categorization is to respond effectively to the HIV/AIDS at all stages (Lisk: 144). It has put some reaffirmations regarding the emergency approaches and the long term opinions that are necessary in addressing the persistence though the evolving widespread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS is changing the environment of the world to change drastically. Lastly, there has been the provision of a justification concerning whether HIV/AIDS should remain as a priority while considering the global agenda. That is it should be considered as a new epidemic that is emerging as new global issues after the change in climate, food insecurity, and the shortage of water.
There has been a mixed reaction while responding to the HIV/AIDS around the globe. However, some responses have been made in response to these reactions. Similarly, there have been issues and challenges that have remained unresolved. Additionally, there have been some solutions and lessons to be learned from the world efforts from the past twenty years. The efforts have been made regarding future duties of the world institutions in the context of the response to the HIV/AIDS around the globe (Lisk: 144). However, it is essential to consider the consequences of the previous actions of these institutions and their inactions. Therefore, innovative ideas and the policies should be searched based on some critical analysis concerning the public debate.
The opinions of key stakeholders from specific nations, people, and communities that are affected directly by the HIV/AIDS epidemic is relevant to world institutions, and this should reflect on decision making by the same institutions and their new partners. This debate on global institutions should change the global governance by creating clear understanding and complete agreement that exists between the world institutions and their constituents that are in the North and South. Lastly, this debate is conducted in a different way so that to support the effective global response to HIV/AIDS.
Bibliography
Davies, Sara. Understanding the Global Politics of Health. U.S.A: Polity Publishers, 2010. Print.
Lisk, Franklyn. Global Institutions and the HIV//AIDS Epidemic: Responding To an International Crisis. New York, U.S.A: Routledge, 2010. Print.
