Sample Report On Hydration Of Alkenes: Preparation Of Cyclohexanol

The main aim of the experiment is to prepare cyclohexanol by an acid catalyzed reaction of hydrocarbon compound like cyclohexene. Water is majorly used as a solvent in the experiment and with this, it is believed to be the highest in ratio when considering the nucleophile that attracts the carbon compounds.
- For cyclohexeneC6H10, the mass = 8.5g;
Molar mass is =82.143g/mol
Moles of cyclohexene =mass of the cyclohexene measured (g)molar mass of the cyclohexene
=8.582.143
=0.1035mol
For H2SO4 used, the number of moles is given by; volume used=8.2mL
Given that; 1L=1000mL
Ɂ=8.2mL
=8.2/1000= 0.0082mol.
Using the same concept=4.1/1000
=0.0041mol.
Theoretical yield of cyclohexanol= no. of moles*molar mass of the substance
=0.1035*82.143
=8.5018g (theoretical mass)
Actual yield of the cyclohexanol= (actual mass/theoretical mass)x100%
=8.5/8.5018x100%
=99.98%
- The yield is not 100% as could have been expected at the end of the experiment due to the presence of the impurities in the resultant product. The purity of the product can be ascertained by calculating for the refractive index of the cyclohexanol which will help us to ascertain its purity level.To counter the loss of the product, some substances can be added to the remaining component of the product like and the substances are referred to as the “chaser” solvent like the toluene. When added after the distillation and the process carried out again for second time, this will enable the 100% purity of the substance to be achieved.
- a) the brown color of the bromine disappears and becomes colorless in alkenes; in alkanes there was no color change since the group do not have a double bonding in its structure which is responsible for the color change in alkenes which has double bonding in its structure. In alcohol, the color changes from brown to colorless too.
b) when KMnO4 was added on the alkenes group, the color change from purple to blue and the same case was observed in the alcohol group but the case of the alkanes, there was no observation made, the color of the KMnO4 persisted.
c) yes the tests can be used to test and make an assumption that the given compounds are presence in a compound since there is color distinction and this can help make conclusion.
d) yes since there was distinction in color change which help to make the assumption concerning the presence of the compounds.
- a) The equation between the two reactants, phosphoric acid and cyclohexanol is given by:
b) C6H11OH C6H10 + H2O
c) Yes, if water is added under favorable conditions, the reactant would be gotten and also when the forward reaction is favored, the product will be achieved, hence the reaction is a reverse.
- The reaction mechanism would be given by:
- the equation of the reaction between the two would be given by: