NURS 6052, Section number here, Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice
Month, Day, Year
Indoor tanning nowadays is so trendy and everyone, particularly the Caucasians are really into it. It started in 1980 with an inspiration of Coco-Chanel, the famous designer with deep brown skin. Soon after this, the indoor tanning increases the number of interested people undergo on the procedure all-year-round. It becomes a “$2.6 billion industry” worth with approximately 28 million people are tanning every year. But on the other hand, many cases of indoor tanning exposure have been encountered at emergency department. According to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), there are approximately 30,000 hospital ERs meet this type of cases. They are mostly teenagers,’ ages from sixteen years old to onwards (American Academy of Dermatology, 2013).
Background
Skin cancer is the most renowned cancers in the United States. In fact, there are more than 2 million people are diagnosed annually with this kind of problem. The most common causes of the problem have been reported is the increase production of melanoma cells, a dark pigmentation of the skin. But when free radical penetrates to the skin, a mutation will occur and eventually lead to skin cancer. Based on the annual report of WHO (World Health Organization), there are about 75 percent increase of melanoma risk to people that undergo indoor tanning exposure. Thus, it increases as often as they are exposed to the UV radiation. They also mentioned that UV radiation from indoor tanning is the same with the direct sunlight in some instances. The direct sunlight can emit UVA, the same with the tanning beds. It can also cause quick aging and skin cancer if one has no protection from radiation. The only difference of the two exposures is that sunlight can provide vitamin D to the teenagers, which is essential for the body system. While tanning beds is not capable of providing nutrients, although, it gives a quick satisfaction to individuals. Based on the WHO research studies, the direct sunlight exposure is more advisable for tanning than tanning beds and lamps. For the following reasons: you can easily detect the redness and other changes appearance of the skin (Center for Disease and Prevention, 2013).
Significance of Nursing Practice
The degree exposure of indoor tanning can be determined by series of blood samples, which performed by nurses and physical examination in the ER. However, the treatment of the patient will depend on the result of the samples. According to Levins, the exposure to indoor tanning is like a sort of addiction. From the result of their series studies, after exposing from UV radiation, an endorphin is secreted. It stated that beta-endorphin is highly significant in the sample. With the theory above, the nurses have literature back up for the patient that one assigned to them. Furthermore, evidence-based practice is also observed to balance the threats and “proportionate benefit”. In this project, the degree, type, and possible risks are assessed accordingly. While performing the task with competence, they’ll also help the patient to find better alternatives for shorter or longer term (Fouka & Mantzorou, 2011).
Research
In this project, to identify the problems and treatment, five questions are developed. These are the following:
- For patients that are treated in emergency room, do specialized nurses that have broad knowledge on derma stuff influence the treatment?
- Does lack of knowledge in handling this kind of case increase the incident of skin cancer victims?
- Is the problem continues to arise even deep analysis is being done carefully?
- Is the lack of knowledgeable medical staff on a specific genre worsening the problem?
- Is there any decrease of numbers of skin cancer patients that are treated in ERs after careful briefing?
After taking all these questions, the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome are identified accurately.
PICO Development
Based on Davies Principle, “the most challenging phase of evaluating the evidence-based practice is to address the question accurately”. Therefore, PICO format is used to formulate constructive EBP questions. This is to simplify and organize the most relevant information that one can gather (Davies, 2012). The PICO question for this project is “in Caucasian women over 18, what are the effects of direct sunlight in comparison to tanning beds in the development of skin cancer?” The “population” is the women ages 16 years old and above that are patients treated in the ER. The ‘intervention” that carefully addressed is, it requires a deep analysis and a specific dermatologist to handle the case. In “comparison”, less medical individuals who can handle this kind of case. The “outcome” probably will reduce the number of skin cancer victims. Thus, if any cases can’t be prevented, an implementation of updated health bill would be great.
Keywords
In order to gain access appropriately, the following keywords have been used for searching. These are the skin cancer for general information, indoor tanning for further clarification, melanoma, carcinoma, free radical, and direct exposure to sunlight. Tanning salon, tanning bed, dark pigmentation and UV-B radiation keywords are also considered to gather information. The indoor tanning and skin cancer keywords has the most relevant resources that one can retrieved.
References
American Academy of Dermatology. (2013). Prevention and Care: Indoor Tanning. Retrieved from American Academy of Deermatology : http://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/indoor-tanning
Center for Disease and Prevention. (2013, November 6). Skin Cancer:Indoor Tanning. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/indoor_tanning.htm
Davies, K. (2012, December 13). Retrieved from https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/EBLIP/ article/viewFile/9741/8144
Fouka, G., & Mantzorou, M. (2011). What are the Major Ethical Issues in Conducting Research?Is there a Conflict between the Research Ethics and the Nature. Health Science Journal, 3-14.
