There are various actions that the authorities employ. Some of which include Stop-and-Frisk, the rules in automobile search, and the requirements in terms of regulatory and border searches, the purpose of this writing is to discuss the application as well as the issues that may have been associated with such terms.
Stop-and-Frisk activity happens when the police officer randomly choose a vehicle on the street for random checking (New York Civil Liberties Union, n.d.). This activity can be applied to anyone, especially if there is an intelligence report about a crime. However, this activity is being criticized by many people, as there were many law-abiding citizens who were stopped and interrogated. Thus, most of the people who were being pulled over for questioning are members of minority groups.
In relation to this, the automobile search rules must be applied at all times. On the other hand, it was stated that a vehicle may be stopped for random search without a warrant in various situations (Lemons, n.d.). For this automobile to become valid, there are two requirements that should be met. Firstly, there should be a probable cause in relation to the search procedure. Secondly, the search is valid if the vehicle must be readily mobile (Lemons, n.d.), meaning, that the vehicle must be ready to be moved any time after the search procedure.
The third issue is the requirements when it comes to border and regulatory searches. This is applied during routine inspections as part of security measures. In general, it involves emptying the pockets of a person, without the suspicion of any criminal activity involvement (Vina, 2006). However, in the event that there is a reasonable suspicion towards any illegal activities, the authorities will anon-routine search on the borders.
References
Lemons, B. R. (n.d.). Searching a Vehicle Without a Warrant. Retrieved from https://www.fletc.gov/sites/default/files/imported_files/training/programs/legal-division/downloads-articles-and-faqs/research-by-subject/4th-amendment/searchingavehicle-carroll.pdf
New York Civil Liberties Union. (n.d.). Stop and Frisk Practices | New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) - American Civil Liberties Union of New York State. Retrieved from http://www.nyclu.org/issues/racial-justice/stop-and-frisk-practices
Vina, S. R. (2006). Protecting our perimeter: "border searches" under the Fourth Amendment (RL31826). Retrieved from Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress website: http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/library/P1075.pdf
