Introduction
During the creation of the world, the world contains some amount of resources to produce energy. The need for light during dark period forced many scientists to invent the flow of energy called electricity. The need for electricity forced humans to use non renewable energy resources like coal, petroleum etc. The Human fails to understand the non renewable energy resources are depleting in nature and it will diminish after some years. Now all of them are searching for renewable energy resources, among them solar energy is the good renewable energy resources that can be obtained from sun. The suns light converted in to useful electricity.
Solar energy and Panel
The solar energy converts specific frequency of light form the sun in to electricity; it cannot accept the light like ultraviolet, infrared etc. The design concept specifies that the unwanted wavelength can be divided in to a required wavelength and made it to incident on the solar panel. The current efficiency of the solar panel is 21.5% the solar panel are used in both electricity production and also in heating application. The solar water heater is most famous among them. The solar panel models are rigid thin film model which is made of glass substrate. The flexible thin film model is made of depositing photovoltaic layer in the fixable substrate. The thin flim model has more resistance since it is unbreakable. In 2010 15.9 GW of solar panel are installed in all over the world. The solar trackers increased the amount of energy production. The solar energy are the most wanted energy sources, since it doesn’t uses any fuel, it is not affecting environment, the depleting nature of the coal gets reduced. The first solar panel was installed in US.
Solar panel in Saudi Arabia
The Saudi Arabia is the blessed country with the abundant amount of oil. The countries primary income is from oil resources. The solar panel becomes important to Saudi Arabia as the oil prices has raisin. Over 50% of the electricity is produced by burning oil. The oil prices have raises. This brings some economic instability in Saudi Arabia. The government has decided to reduce the oil prices. The nation’s renewable energy department has announced that the nation is planning to install 41giga watts of solar power within the period of 2032. The Saudi Arabia first solar panel was installed on October 2 2012, with the capacity of 500kw. The 100 megawatts of photovoltaic and 800mega watts of solar thermal is expected to be completed on 2013. As the solar prices have fallen and oil prizes have increased the Saudi government is pushing the long awaited solar project. Saudi which is rich in oil has also has the abundant energy of sun. The Saudi solar power production dream will completely come to an end after 20 years. The Saudi Arabia specializes the solar panel production using photovoltaic stringent quality control. The abundant amount of heat and light energy available in Saudi will make the nation in to renewable nation after some years.
Solar Panel Structure and Module
The solar photovoltaic module is electrically connected and mounted on a supporting structure. A photovoltaic module is a package of solar cells. The solar module can be used as a component of layer photovoltaic system to generate DC output power. The module ranges from 100 to 320 watt. The efficiency of the module will be of 8%. The 230 watts module is 16% efficient. A single module can have a capacity to produce only limited amount of power. The most of the solar panel installations will have multiple amount of module. The Photovoltaic system typically includes a panel or an array, inverter and a battery. Depending on the construction, photovoltaic module can produce electricity from the particular range of frequency.
Solar Module Types
Thin film module is one of the types of solar modules, which is also known as thin film photo voltaic cell (TFPV). Thin film is a solar cell made by depositing one or more thin film layers. The thickness varies from few nanometers to few micrometers. The flexible thin film module is a cell module, which is created on same production line by depositing photoactive layers and other necessary layers. The smart solar modules perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for each module, measurement of the performance data and fault detection at module level. The DC to DC converter is to maximize the power harvest from solar photovoltaic
Manufacturing of solar cell
The solar cells are the semi conductor device; they share some of the same processing and manufacturing techniques as of computers and memory chips. The most of the solar cells are poly crystalline silicon or single cell silicon. The poly crystalline silicon wafer are made by wafers of wire sawing block as silicon ingots which is 180 to 350micrometer. The wafers are usually lightly doped P type. An anti reflection coating is made to increase the amount of light coupled in to the solar cell. Some solar cell have textured front surface that look like anti reflection coating. The wafer then has a full area meal contact made on the back surface. The rear contact is also formed by the screen printing a metal paste, typically aluminum. The metal contacts are made of solar cell inter connected by flat wires or metal ribbons.
Solar Efficiency
The solar efficiency is the ratio of the electrical output to incident energy in the form of sunlight. The energy conversion efficiency of solar cell is the % efficiency of solar energy to which the cell is exposed to electrical energy.
Efficiency = PM/E * AC
Saudi Arabia Climate on Solar Energy Generation
The solar panel installation needs large amount of solar ray intensity. Before going for installation lot of factors needs to be considered like solar cell efficiency, which type of solar cell suite to a particular location. The more research should be made on the climatic condition of a particular place. The Saudi has extreme heat during day time and a drop in temperature during night time. The average summer temperature is about 45ºc. In winter the temperature drops below 0ºc, total absence of humidity. In spring and autumn the temperature goes around 29ºc. The large solar power generation needs good light intensity not heat like IR radiation, the Saudi has extreme hot during summer, so it is needed to follow some installation techniques to generate more power during summer, and also we can generate moderate amount of energy during spring and autumn season.
Solar Panel Installation
There are lot of factors are need to be consider before installing large amount of solar panel for power generation factors like climate, solar cell efficiency, type of solar cell etc. The Saudi Arabia has only 0.003 gig watts of installed solar power generation, the renewable energy department in Saudi Arabia taken in charge of developing the policy called “Ka Care”, because the nation power generation is anticipated to grow from 40 GW to 120 GW during the year of 2013 to 2028. It is most important to develop the power generation, within the short time period. Fortunately Saudi is blessed with deserted climatic condition it is possible to generate power from one of the factor called temperature by solar power. The 45ºc of Saudi temperature during summer can provide good result in both solar photovoltaic and in solar water heater. The efficiency of the panel should be good to convert maximum amount of sun light to electricity. The officials of renewable energy in Saudi have planned to install Poly silicon photovoltaic module, because each junctions are tuned to different wavelength to reduce the loss. The installation depends on efficiency level of the solar panel. It was found that installing solar panel in the roof top will increases the temperature on the panel, which makes atoms to vibrate and brings more loss to power generation. The multi junction panel can able to reduce only some amount of loss while gets installed in roof top, The temperature loss on PV module non the roof top is 11.3% It was not advisable to install panel to receive the extreme amount of temperature in the nations like Saudi Arabia.
The ground installation provides various results. The research has been made on the ground installation and the study was made on policy, a poly silicon PV module were selected, which was placed on the ground and the module was tilted 20º facing south the result was good. The power generated capacity factor increases when the module faces south but all other panel facing directions gives poor capacity factor. The installation was followed accordingly the solar panel module faced south to generate good power. The Saudi Arabia renewable energy department decided to motivate all the public in Saudi Arabia to install panel for their own power generation.
Saudi Arabia Primary Energy Growth
Saudi Arabia is the largest producer and net exporter of oil in the world by the million barrels/day. As per the independent analysis the demand for the oil is expected to rise by 8 to 10% in 2014 mostly in the area of power generation sector and the redirection of energy from the power sector to the export sector there will be lot of benefits in economic growth and its environment. The oil saving can be done by switching oil power generation to solar power generation. The primary energy consumption using oil and natural gas has increased the co2 emission in the region of Saudi Arabia which makes the region of Saudi even hotter. The environmental and the economic issue in Saudi Arabia get affected by the much use of oil and natural gas for the power generation sector. The current co2 emission is 200/Mt co2 this emission creates bad environmental condition in Saudi Arabia and the emission level increases up to 600/mt co2 during the year 2025 if this condition of oil and natural gas is spent for the power sector.
Benefits of using Solar Power and the Energy Policy
The Saudi is adopting solar panel in a big way in order to help the country to save money. The country is burning nearly 1 million barrels of oil a day during the summer month for power generation.
According to some estimates that the number could reach 8 million barrels a day by 2013. To counter that trend and save oil for the exports Saudi Arabia has made a goal of attaining half of its power needs from the renewable energy by 2020. A big part of renewable energy initiative is that using solar energy for power generation. As per the above graph the Saudi has added 3.5 MW of solar panel by the year 2012. The ultimate target is to reach 41 gigawatts of capacity by the year 2032. The countries co2 emission is increasing day by day, it certainly leading to global warming. The solar power helps to increase the country’s economy by oil and natural gas for the export and also it can able to save environmental condition. The solar heaters play a vital role in saving the power for heating purpose, because the Saudi Arabia is the hottest country the solar heaters can be used for quick heating applications.
Solar energy policy in Saudi Arabia was discussed in a Summit. The Saudi Arabia is very keen on exploring, developing and implementing solar energy in the kingdom. The local and international authority deliberated the development policy and framework as Saudi Arabia targets 41GW of solar power by 2032. The Saudi also focused on nurturing energy source on diversification. Abdullah Al Shehri governor of electricity and co generation authority said in Saudi one of the primary objectives is in the reduction of energy consumption and increase in energy efficiency. Out of all the country has planned to invest large amount in solar energy. The solar power generation in Saudi Arabia is rapidity increasing day by day it is necessary to save oil and natural gas to exports and also to reduce co2 emission.
Conclusion
The non renewable energy are depleting in nature, not only in Saudi Arabia, but also in all the countries. The non renewable energy will exist only for some years, and then we have to look for renewable energy. It will be much better for all the countries to take steps to reduce the consumption of the non renewable energy resources. The Saudi Arabia has taken initial steps to Change the whole nation in to renewable nation by installing solar panel, they have planned to save oil for exporting and they decided to reduce co2 consumption.
Reference
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