Introduction
This study will define some of the terms such as Rationalism Empiricism and principle of utility states. It will further discuss some of the hypotheses by the philosophers such as Nietzsche and Sartre.
Rationalism is being defined in philosophy as, the analysis that regards reasons as the primary source and the knowledge analysis. Empiricism is a theory that all the knowledge of matters of facts comes from sensory experience (Locke, 1998).The principle of utility states that, both actions and behavior are correct as long as they uphold happiness and pleasure. On the other hand, actions and behaviors are considered wrong, when they tend to produce unhappiness or pain. A perspective is the terminology created by Friedrich Nietzsche in developing the philosophical view that all ideation occurs from particular perspectives. Empirical test of meaning is experiential evidence or study dependent on practical occurrence of events other than theories. Ethical dilemma of choice is a choice between moral imperatives.
Nietzsche statement, "God is dead; God remains dead, and we have killed him," means that God is dead in our hearts and minds. This is more so in the recent generations made up of modern men. His statement suggests that God was killed by unresponsiveness that was itself linked to the pronounced cultural changes away from the Christian faith and towards rationalism and science. The same God before becoming dead in men’s mind and hearts offered the basis of "Christian-morals.” This was by defining and merging approaches to life as a shared cultural group of beliefs that had distinct social and cultural views within which people pursued their lives.
The Sartre statement that we are condemned to be free implies that we have no excuse, and we are left alone. This is because man did not conceive himself, nonetheless at liberation, and from the moment that he is thrown into this world, he is responsible for everything that he does (Kaufmann, 353). We did not opt to be free; however, we are, so we are required to make choices even if we do not want.
Categorical imperative is a moral obligation that is unconditional and binding in all circumstances. It is not dependent on a persons’ preference or purpose; more so it tells what to do irrespective of our desires (Kant, 42). Categorical and hypothetical imperative differ from each other such that; the hypothetical imperative is an imperative towards some end. An individual must determine the means en route for the end. It is, therefore, theoretical in the sense that it is only when determining the end that one determines the means. While the categorical imperative is not reliant on the end, it requires action on its course towards the end (Kant, 50). Therefore, this sort of imperative dictates that this aspect is an all-time law. As a result, it is not only applicable when one decides to pursue some end.
Conclusion
Work cited
Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi. "Governance matters IV: governance indicators for 1996-2004." World bank policy research working paper 3630 (2005).
Kant, Immanuel, Paul Guyer, and Allen W. Wood, eds. Critique of pure reason. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Locke, John. Locke: Two Treatises of Government Student Edition. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
