The Incas
South America is enchanting and mystical. It has enough and more to offer to adventurers, tourists and archaeologists. The various religious beliefs and practices, the footprints of old and dying civilizations, the landscaped mountains, forests, waterfalls and beaches, the Amazon and the remnant scars of the dinosaurs make South America among the finest destination for travelers. The Inca Empire was an empire that flourished in the Andean region of South America. The Empire, which existed for over two centuries, fell to the Spaniards, when in 1572, its last surviving city, Vilcabamba, was captured. Here, was a civilization that lived and existed in total harmony without wheels, powerful draft animals, iron tools, money or even a proper writing system. One of the remaining archaeological sites of the Inca Empire is the Machu Picchu; a retreat built for an Incan emperor.
Bibliography
Bauer, B. S, (1997), Narratives of the Incas, American Anthropologist, Journal, Volume 99(3), Blackwell Publishing Ltd, ISSN 00027294, p. 654-655
This is a translation of the work of Juan de Betanzos, who in 1557, at the behest of Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza, wrote one of the most comprehensive and important documents on the Inca. It is in the form of a narrative, filled with epic songs, speeches of long dead kings, and records of the rituals and rites performed by the natives before the arrival of Christianity. The book is divided into two parts; the first before the Spanish arrival and the second part is attributed to the life and times of Pachacuti, and the subsequent fall of the empire under Spanish rule.
Tryon, A. F, (1959), Ferns of the Incas, American Fern Journal, Vol. 49(1), American Fern Society, Journal, DOI: 10.2307/1545106, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1545106
In this article, Tryon answers the question of ‘How do we know the Incas?” by studying the Peruvian literature, archaeological collections, and the fern specimens collected and exhibited at the University of California. She reports that chroniclers, ruins, and the customs and manners of Andean people still lost to modern civilization helped her know about the Incas. For her understanding of the Incas, Tryon studies a compilation of ferns available in the chroniclers’ accounts by Fortunato Herrera and Eugenio Yacovleff , in their paper, El Mundo Vegetal de los Antiguos Peruanos, helped her trace their existence.
Milligan, M, (2003), Realm of the Incas, Idlewild, 2nd Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0954587604
Milligan, through this book, illustrates and dwells in detail the Inca region of Peru. The book has numerous illustrations to go along with the lively and detailed text, to make for an interesting reading into the past and present of the Inca clan. Covering its history and its magical festivals, lost cities, bizarre rituals and stunning landscapes, Realm of the Incas is, quite simply, Milligan's perennial attachment with this enchanting land.
D’Altroy, T. N, (2007), How the Incas Built their Heartland, The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Volume 12(1), ISSN 19354932, http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/205490122?accountid =458, p. 263-266
D’Altroy, while accepting the speedy rise of the Incas to imperial power as one of the most compelling narratives ever told in the world's political history, he also considers the views of certain scholars who have doubted its accuracy. D’Altroy reports how the Incas achieved success under the inspired leadership of the imperial founder Pachacuti, and about others who were instrumental in expanding the Empire, paralleled only by the likes of Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Qin Shi Wang Li, and Chingiz Kahn.
5 Simple Spanish Sentences
- South America is enchanting and mystical.
América del Sur es encantador y místico
- It has enough and more to offer to adventurers, tourists and archaeologists.
Tiene suficiente y más que ofrecer a los aventureros, a los turistas y arqueólogos
- How do we know Incas?
¿Cómo sabemos que los Incas?
- The Inca Empire was an empire that flourished in the Andean region of South America.
El Imperio Inca era un imperio que floreció en la región andina de América del Sur.
- The Empire, which existed for over two centuries, fell to the Spaniards in 1572
El Imperio, que existe desde hace más de dos siglos, se redujo a los españoles en el año 1572
