1. The results from the multiple regression shows that negative exposure has a great effect on the stress levels of individual without a military background. Years of service do not have an effect on the stress levels of both military and non-military officers. In other words, years of service is not statistically significant. Of the two main predictors in the model, negative exposure is the only one that is statistically significant with a beta level of 0.227.
Of the two copying controls, constructive coping is negatively associated with stress in both military and nonmilitary members of the police force. Constructive copying is statistically significant and seem to reduce stress in all member of the police force despite training background. This shows that counseling and support from family and friends is critical to better coping mechanisms. Destructive copying however increase the likelihood of stress in both military and nonmilitary members of the force. Destructive coping has a high alpha value in all members of the force. Drugs and alcohol prove to be bad coping mechanisms.
On demographic controls, only gender is statistically significant even though the effect of gender on stress is minimal. Women who do do have significant military training do suffer more from work related stress as compared to men. Other variables like education, marital status and ethnicity have no effect on work-related stress.
The R square shows that only 32% change in the dependent variable can be attributed to the independent variables. This is a low R square value. The author’s explanations are consistent in terms of significance levels but they gloss over the R square. Little of changes in work related stress is directly related to exposure and years of service. The research sample is small and is based on one region. These results need to be triangulated before they can be generalized.
2. The multiple regression table shows that negative exposure has an effect on burnout for both military and nonmilitary members. It is statistically significant with alpha levels of 0, 230 and 0.165. Years of service is not statistically significant in both the stress and burnout multiple regression analysis. Constructive coping is negatively associated with burnout. This shows that like in stress, constructive coping helps in reducing burnout in both military and nonmilitary members. Like in the stress regression model, destructive coping has the highest level of burnout increase. More military members are affected by destructive coping as compared to nonmilitary members. All demographic controls are not statistically significant.
References
Ivie, D. & Garland, B. (2011). Stress and burnout in policing: does military experience matter?
Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 34, 1, p. 49-66.
