1). (i) All assignments have been marked fairly.
Present Tense; Perfect Aspect
(ii) The new management will be in operation after the start of the month.
No Tense; Simple Aspect
(iii) Brad must have been worrying about his exam.
No Tense; Perfect-Progressive Aspect
(iv) Free drinks were offered at the conference dinner.
Past Tense; Simple Aspect
(v) They had unexpectedly arrived in time for the start of the concert.
Past Tense; Perfect Aspect
(vi) These were appalling examples of political corruption
Past Tense; Simple Aspect
2) (i) Present tense; Perfect aspect.
I have talked to her about the incident.
(ii) Past tense; Simple Aspect.
She went to the class totally unprepared.
(iii) Present tense; Perfect & Progressive aspect.
They have been waiting for the results of the discussion for 2 hours now.
(iv) No Tense; Progressive Aspect
He must be walking to the office right now.
3)(i) Lawrie enjoys a beer before dinner. Transitive verb
(ii) Mary had been nervous about her boyfriend’s moods. Copular verb
(iii) Natalie’s future relationship with Tim seemed quite uncertain. Copular verb
(iv) Gordon’s career has attracted a great deal of envy. Transitive verb
4)(i) The officials were examining the course for safety problems.
(ii) Christo appears a very competent grammarian.
Intransitive verb does not take object, so the sentence does not have passive equivalent.
(iii) The editors have not considered the manuscript for publication.
The manuscript has been considered for publication by the editors.
(iv) Arthur arrived at the station rather early.
Intransitive verb does not take object, so the sentence does not have passive equivalent.
5)1. All assignments have been marked.
2. The new management will be in operation after the start of the month.
3. Unfortunately, the train had departed earlier.
4. Jim has completed his analyses of the data.
VP V (NP) (PP+) (AdvP)
6)
(i) Katherine [visited Rome in July].
VP
V NP PP
visited Rome P NP
in N
July
(ii) After the announcement, Margaret [looked extremely determined].
VP
V Adv AP
looked extremely A
determined
(iii) Angela [opposed the decision of the committee about the redundancies].
VP
V NP
opposed Det N PP
the decision P NP
of Det N PP
the committee P NP
about Det N
the redundancies.
(iv) The director [tabled a new report on the importance of medical research].
VP
V NP
tabled Det AdjP N PP
a new report NP
on Det N PP
the importance P NP
of AdjP N
medical research
