According to Fulkerson and Thompson, different theories and definitions exist as to the nature, interpretation and value of social capital. They argue, however, that “social capital offers unique potential to integrate ideas from each of sociology’s major traditions” (Fulkerson & Thompson 538). This diversity and contestation over the definition of social capital mean it is still a developing paradigm. However, most definitions by sociologist show that social capital is a concept used to refer to relationships, resources, networks and individuals. It includes such aspects as civic engagement and collective action. Further, Putnam notes that social capital in the form of civil society and participation in democratic processes in the US has significantly shrunk over the years (Putnam 65).
Perhaps in the context of sustainability and climate change, it is Adger’s work that best represents the power and value of social capital and social networks in the American society. According to this author, with the emerging challenges of climate change, adaptation to these problems will only be realized through collective action and social capital (387). These will help people cope with extreme weather and climatic conditions through sound environmental resource management. Social capital theory, he observes, may be used to explain how people form relationships and use them for their good and the collective societal welfare (Adger 399). Social capital may also be seen as synergy, social network or bond that connects civil society and the state and hence aids in the formulation of resource management and environmental policies. Through a collective action, resource-dependent communities can and have indeed acted collectively in the administration of resources like livestock and fish that sustain their livelihoods. Hence, since social capital favors collective community action, it will be an essential aspect of my proposed project as it will help me in partnering with other civil society organizations in realizing a sustainable community and environment.
Some of the groups and particular people that are critical to the success of my project include environmental lobbyists, conservationists, and activists. Specifically, these could be people like state environmental officials and members of organizations that support sustainable community initiatives. As Adger succinctly puts it, the ability of communities to realize sustainable transitions depend partly on their social capital and networks, that is collaboration and collective civic action (Adger 401). These people and organizations are essential to the success of my project in that they will give me the insight, skills, advice, knowledge, expertise and support necessary for the project’s take-off and successful implementation. I will connect to them through public forums, social media and personal communications like phone calls and meetings.
Works Cited
Adger, W Neil. "Social capital, collective action, and adaptation to climate change." Economic Geography 79.4 (2003): 387-404. Print.
Fulkerson, Gregory M and Gretchen H Thompson. "The evolution of a contested concept: A meta-analysis of social capital definitions and trends (1988-2006)." Sociological Inquiry Journal 78.4 (2008): 536-557. Print.
Putnam, Robert D. "Bowling Alone: America's social capital." Journal of Democracy (1995): 65-78. Print.
