Introduction
The normal American students in high school are involved in activities, which are considered in the determination of their overall grade turnover. This in will imply on the participation with games and sports activities for both genders. According to the presentation provided by Luedke et al. (2016), the assumptions is that there is a possibility to have a number of injuries based on the professionalism and the level of training that the young student still lacks in these sporting activities.
This literature review serves as a theoretical analysis that will be subjected to the analysis of the number of injuries that are suffered by these teenagers in school. The basic interest of the analysis is developed for analyzing the number of injuries that are recorded on average with the majority of the injuries recoded amongst the players for soccer and those of basketball. The segmented presentation will also need to analyze the injuries based on the position that the genders have with the frequency of injury, the treatment periods associated with the injuries, and the gender affinity if any exists.
Reading from the position that the national colligate athletic association Geier (2015), the position that the knee injuries have been provided with is associatively seen as one that has been on the rise with the last decade in question. With an analysis of about five years recoded data for the association, the number of knee injuries have shown the possibility of the ligaments injuries being very common and, therefore, alarming, to warrant the cause and objectives that this theoretical review seeks to establish. Thus, establishing the position that the genders have with the knee injuries this literature is fully responsive for the examination of the records and arrival of a conclusion based on the data available and that referenced in the text materials for knee injuries for high school sports participants.
Knee injuries are some of the most common injuries with the majority of the high school soccer and basketball players (ScienceDaily, 2008). This brings to light that the sportsmanship that is considered in this sport must be straining to the ligaments and the muscles attached to the knees of the human body. Reading from the American sports journal, there is a number of research article referring to the causes of knee injuries main sports participants. Presenting these factors to be fully linked to those of the high school tendencies in getting injuries that presenting the stress that the sport might be having with the high school players.
Looking at the statistics available from Mayo Clinic (2016), the major causes of the leading knee injuries are recorded as
Weakness of the ligaments or instability of these ligaments
The inabilities associated with the failures to fully straighten the knee.
Thus, the majority of the injuries are identified to be originating from the effects that the ligaments, fluid-filled sacs or the tendons that surround the knee. These knee injuries are categorized into four.
Looking at the statistics available it is seen that these injuries are all recorded by at least 40% of the players in a majority of the high school basketball, runners, and soccer teams (Geier, 2014). In fact, with the suggesting that these are the most common type of injuries caused by fatalities in the field, between the year 2005 -2007 the knee injuries are suggested to have cumulatively accounted for 15.2% of the injuries incurred in high school. With football for women and gymnastic having accounted for a majority of these injuries, the causes seem to be inevitable and, therefore, other than safety sportsmanship nothing much can be done to the reduction and these causes. In particular, reading that majority of the knee injuries are not limited to the contact sports.
Gender Records on Knee Injuries
The question of gender builds on the battle for supremacy amongst the genders in this case. Thus, looking at the chapter above here were some suggestions on the recoded of injuries experienced by the female gender in high school being higher than that of the male gender in terms of a comparative approach to analysis. This report terms the analysis comparative based on the overall number of the male student involved in the sport being generally higher than that of the female gender.
Concentrating therefore on the female gender, there has been an increase in the number of high school girls who are involved in sports to the tune of about 3 million participants currently . Linking this to the position that was evident in the early 1970s, this is a very good increase in female high school games participation. Focusing on the theme that this literature seeks to analyze, the likelihood of the injuries has also increased. In essence, according to Jeannette (2014), the facts are that there is a number of contributing factors to the associations of gender to the effect of injury in sport within the high school fraternity.
In general, there are factors that are influential on the number of the frequency of injuries within the sports fraternity in high school. This is presented in the table below having been referenced from the works on pharmaceutical times by Jeannette (2014) in terms of the affiliation to the male and the female high school sports participants in soccer, basketball, and athletics.
Taking this as a general presentation on the like hood of the female high school participants getting more and actually having recoded more of the injuries, it will be important to look more into the knee injuries and the female gender in high school.
According to Jeannette (2014), the female have a greater and increasing developing affinity for the knee injuries. This is examined under the MMS (miserable malalignment syndrome which has been linked to a number of weaker muscle formation and development by the female gender . Their muscle structure makes them more susceptible to the knee and feet injuries as they appear limited genetically to the higher muscle performance attributed to the position of sports in high school or at all levels. This has also been linked to the Female athlete triad, which is the energy ability that the female body has. This with the likelihood that more of females will develop this condition their likelihood and the risk of knee injury are therefore higher in high school games. According to Jeannette (2014), this condition is accelerated by the increased hours of exercise or practice on a weekly basis, which has been limited to 12 hours for the female body.
Prevention of Injury
Prevention has always been considered as having lesser costs associated compared to the degree or treatments. Thus, identifying with the position that the knee injuries for high school sport, this chapter focuses on the prevention of knee injury. According to Swenson et al. (2013), there are a number of measures that need to be taken to prevent knee injuries. These are all linked to the possibilities that these preventive care management will be having on the reduction of stress to the ligaments and the tendons of the knee. First is the preventive case of using kneecaps and knee guards during sporting activities. Similar to what skating personalities use there are knee guards recommended for the soccer participants and the basketball players. The use of the knee guards will tend to support the shock absorption ability that the kneecap is supported to be having. This will lead to lesser damages in case of any sports impacts on the knees thus reducing the probability of sustaining injury.
Second, will be the care that sports student takes after their practice and exercise sessions. According to Mayo Clinic (2016), the doing of warm ups before and after physical exercise is very important. This is based on the fact that the before exercise warm up have the ability to set the pace for the muscles to adjusts and, therefore, be ready for high-energy activities. Essentially, the after exercise stretches tend to present relaxation to the knee muscles such that the sudden drop in activity is not affecting to the knee muscles and the knee ligament.
The other preventive care for the knees is to have the players gain knowledge on the specific muscles that are essential for the knee and, therefore, strive to have them effectively stretch and care for before and after their regular exercises. As shown with the images below, the most important one will be involving the hamstring stretch, the knee to chest stretch, the calf stretch, and the straight leg stretches.
Hamstring stretch
Knee to chest stretch
Calf stretch
Straight leg stretch
Identifying with the above suggested preventive care measure, the likelihood of sustaining knee injuries will have been reduced in the high school records. The majority of this is based on the assumption that majority of these team practice and play without the aid of a trainer. This, therefore, leaves the player on to injury based on the likelihood that less of these important stretches are paid attention to.
In general, the prevention of the knee injuries revolves around the following facts;
The ability that the hip and the thigh muscles will be having in being flexible - the flexibility of these muscles will be fully representing of the knees flexors and extensors whish ensure optimal performance of the knee
Strengthening of the hip and the thigh – gaining of these muscles strength is aimed at getting less straining on the muscles surrounding the knee. This is established with the use of weights for exercise, regular squats and general exercise that set these muscles into constant activity.
The avoiding of straining activities regardless of the sport – this is linked to the ability to note the abilities that both genders have. This is why some sport are regarded a preserve of the male student such as football. This is based on the ability that the joints and specifically the knees have to activity and high performance.
The specific use of sporting kits that helps in preventive care for the knee.
Treatment of Injuries
Examining the treatment that is recommended for knee injuries, emphasis will be placed on the types of knee injuries that had initially been identified in the first chapter. Thus, the treatment administered on the knee injuries is also identified as dependent on the extent of the knee injury damage and the available room for recovery on these injuries. Thus, with the five identified categories of the knee injuries table shows the available and the recommended treatment for the knee injuries
Looking at the administered and recommended treatment for the knee injuries, it will be true to note that the different treatments are all dependent on the degree and the severity of the knee injuries. This is established after the knee injury has been assessed and therefore the treatment will only be administered after administering of knee injury. Thus, the treatment of the knee is dependent on the understanding of the knees anatomy. According to ScienceDaily (2008), there are two distinct muscle groups for the knee, these are the quadriceps and the hamstring muscles locate to the back and the front of the knees location. The muscles cross the knee and there tend to bend a lot and contract with the knee joint.
Rehab on injury
Treatment for injury is not complete without rehabilitation. It is common to see that majority of professional athletes take two kinds of periods in the event of an injury. These are the treatment and recapturing period, and second is the rehabilitation periods. Rehabilitation refers to the process by which the athletes will be regaining fitness before getting back to full and normal activity. Thus, the efforts of rehabilitation can be closely associated with physical therapy treatment for majority of muscle injuries.
Thus, the main interest that rehabilitation will be having is identified under three major descriptions (Geier, 2014). These are the improving of balances, the increasing of endurances and the improving of flexibility for the injured players. Having looked at the knee injuries and the most common of them being the ACL, which have also been noted to be the most severe, knees injury rehabilitation achieves the following purposes.
Therefore, identifying with the position that knee injuries have the position of rehabilitation is identified as an avenue from which the high school sports participants will be able to have their sporting careers see more light in the future. Thus, from the actual occurrence of the injury, the treatment, the prevention, and the rehabilitation of injuries.
Conclusion
Identifying with the therapy in majority of the high school presentation with sports, the increase in the number of participant in the soccer and basketball players in the high school presentation. The effects and the causes of the injuries have been identified as life threatening as they can be in a position to permanently end the sports careers of the players. Looking at the knowledge that has been presented with the type of injuries affiliated to the knee. The position by which the knee injuries are categorized has been material to the examination of the treatment and the rehabilitation practices that are patent to the treatment of knee injuries.
Therefore, with the field of rehabilitation, it has been established that irrespective of the sports that the high school athlete are attached to, the needs to care for their safety. thus with the established avenues for the action of rehabilitation on improving and regaining of balance, flexibility and performance this young ages of these athletes can be a position of hope for quick recoveries. In totality the estimated injuries will be reduce if the findings of this literature analysis are taken into considerations. These are the regular exercises accompanies by the advice of stretching and relaxation of the hips and the thigh muscle. also the knowledge that is presented on the position that the athletes will need to knee their capacity and energy limits will be better replaced at limiting stress as suggested by (Luedke et al., 2016).
References
Geier, D. (2014). Sports medicine stats: Knee injuries in runners. Retrieved 3.4.2016, from http://www.drdavidgeier.com/sports-medicine-stats-knee-injury-runners/
Geier, D. (2015). Sports medicine stats: Knee injuries in high school athletes. Retrieved 3.4.2016, from http://www.drdavidgeier.com/statistics-knee-injuries-hs-athletes/
Jeannette, Y. W. (2014). Sports Injuries: Are Women More At Risk? Retrieved 3.4.2016, from http://www.pharmacytimes.com/publications/issue/2014/june2014/sports-injuries-are-women-more-at-risk
Luedke, L. E., Heiderscheit, B. C., Williams, D. S., & Rauh, M. J. (2016). Influence of Step Rate on Shin Injury and Anterior Knee Pain in High School Runners. Medicine and science in sports and exercise.
Mayo Clinic. (2016). Symptoms and Causes. Retrieved 3.4.2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/knee-pain/symptoms-causes/dxc-20190116
ScienceDaily. (2008). High School Knee Injuries By Sport And Gender. Retrieved 3.4.2016, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080522072325.htm
Swenson, D. M., Collins, C. L., Best, T. M., Flanigan, D. C., Fields, S. K., & Comstock, R. D. (2013). Epidemiology of knee injuries among us high school athletes, 2005/06–2010/11. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 45(3), 462.
